Task 3 Ask leo regarding tarit and psychoanalytic pardigm Flashcards Preview

Personality and individual differences > Task 3 Ask leo regarding tarit and psychoanalytic pardigm > Flashcards

Flashcards in Task 3 Ask leo regarding tarit and psychoanalytic pardigm Deck (39)
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1
Q

What are trait paradigm ?

A
  • Structured approaches

- Ex: lexical approach

2
Q

What are psychodynamic paradigms ?

A
  • Unstructured approach

- Ex: Drawing task

3
Q

What is the definition od personality trait ? (3part)

A
  • Differences among individuals
  • A typical tendency to behave think or feel
  • Behave in a common related ways across a variety of time and situations
4
Q

What are structured personallity inventories ?

A
  • a test of personality in a structured way
  • predetermines answers and scores sclaes
  • Done by self or observe reports
  • Use reverse code items
  • test multiple traits via multiple questions
5
Q

What is reverse coded items ?

A
  • Asking question with “do not “ to avoid people who agree to everything
6
Q

What are the 3 mayor approaches to meassure personality traits ?

A
  1. Empirical approach
  2. Factor Analysis
  3. Rational Approach
7
Q

What is the Empirical approach ? ?

A
  • large number of items that desribe actions thought and feelings / characteristiscs
  • structured
  • large sample
  • extra indicator (such as school grades)
  • It is priviously know what will be meassured
  • Content of itmes do not matter only the emparical link (correlation) (random question )
8
Q

What is the criticism on the empirical approach

A
  • fake/coincidental association can occur if sample is not big enough
  • extra indicator can be choosen by each measurer which means scores can show variability
9
Q

What is the factor analysis ?

A
  • no spacific plan
  • large sample with lots of question
  • sort items together to create groups/dimensions
  • Each group represent a trait
  • factor loading determines how important something is for a trait from 1 to -1 (high loading can be positive or negative
  • If zero then it is not relevant at all
10
Q

What are the critics on the factor analysis ?

A
  • needs a variety of items otherwise it will meassure only limited traits
  • even if traits are diverse no gurantee if the trait is ideal for the purpose
11
Q

What is the rational approach ?

A
  • Not a lot of items only items which are important for the trait
  • Items are collected rationally
  • Items are gained by studies
  • content plays a role not only correlation
12
Q

What is the criticsm on the rational approach ?

A
  • Resulting scales can only be as good as the sets of items chosen by the measurer
  • Easy to fake
13
Q

What is the best approach ?

A
  • Best is the rational approach = simple /easy and highest validity and reliability
  • But all in all combining all of them is the best
14
Q

Are self or observer reporst more usefull ?

A
  • most studies are done by self report
  • self report and observer report show high correlation -> even higher when there is a family member
  • It also depends on characteristics trait
15
Q

What are the biases for self and observer rport ?

A
  • sometimes more negative undesirable way)

- sometimes more positive or social desirable

16
Q

What are the impacts of biases regarding self and observer reports ?

A
  • Small impact can get excluded
  • But they are allways present
  • self and observer report do not need to have the same biases
17
Q

What is the lexical approach ?

A
  • it is a factor analysis
    1. Researcher searches through dictionary to find list of personality-descriptive adjectives
    2. Exclude rarely used terms
    3. Administer to large sample
    4. Calculate correlations to find major categories
  • first used by cattell
  • lexical hypothesis -> people will want to talk about traits that have important consequeces on their life
18
Q

What is the lexical hypothesis ?

A
  • people will want to talk about traits that they view as having important consequences on their lives
19
Q

What is the big five ?

A
  • 35 variables found by cattell which could be put in 5 major categories/dimensions -> only english
  • Extraversion
  • Argeeableness
  • Consientiousness
  • Emotinally stabillity and neuroticsm
  • intellect/imagination
20
Q

What does extraversion stand for ?

A
  • talktiveness outgoing or shyness quitness
21
Q

What does Agreeablness stand for ?

A
  • kindness gentle or rudeness
22
Q

What does Conscientiousness stand for ?

A
  • organisation discipline vs sloppiness or laziness
23
Q

What does Emotionally stabillity/neuroticism stand for ?

A
  • relaxdness vs moodiness
24
Q

What does intellect stand for ?

A
  • cretivity vs conventionallity
25
Q

What is Neo PIR ? Also name critic

A

A test to study the big five personallity traits but also test 6 subcategories (facets) of each trait

  • critic: openess to experience does not take intellect into account
  • Agreebalnes contain certain facets which did not corelate to the major factor
26
Q

Why was the HEXACO important?

A
  • Was developed because the big five only counted for english speaking person
  • As well as the technology was not that present at the time so not that many traits could be assessed
27
Q

What are the 3 sizes of HEXACO’s ?

A
  • 200 question
  • 100 question
  • 60 question
28
Q

What are the 6 dimesnions from the HEXACO’S ?

A
  1. Honesty / humility
  2. Agreeablness
  3. Emotionality
  4. Conscientiousness
  5. Extraversion
  6. Opennes to experinece
29
Q

What is the difference between the big five and HEXACO ?

A
  • Only Honestly / humility = got added

- neuroticism relted somehow to emotinality but also some other aspects

30
Q

What are the three personality types ?

A
  • the resilient type: All around type
  • the internalizing type: Rather anxcious person
  • the externalizing type: aggresive and impulsive person
  • but in general soo many different types
31
Q

What is the rorschach inklobot technique ?

A
  • it is a projective test which means it is unstructured
  • Asking people what they see in 10 inklobots
  • Inkblots designed to look like one thing in one part but something contradictory in another part (obvoius vs hooks)
  • psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both
  • used for personality description
32
Q

What is a typical performance meassure ?

A
  • wide possiblities of reponding with no strong demands
33
Q

What was the criticism on the Rorschach inkblot ?

A
  • low reliability (not everyone came to same conclusion)
  • poor validity (only schizophrenia and bipolar disorder can be meassured
  • overdiagnosis of people
  • everything is leaked
  • norms of ECS is are to inaccurate
34
Q

What is ESC in combination to Rorschach performance ?

A
  • set of instruction with detailed rules for percieving the Inklobot and for how to interpreted these findings
35
Q

What are other projective tests ?

A
  • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

- drawing test

36
Q

What is the hematic Apperception Test (TAT) ?

A
  • make up a story describing the events going on in the picture
  • Supposed to show reationship/ attitude to self and other
37
Q

What are the critics of the TAT ?

A
  • no standard administration test-> low reliability

- overdiagnose

38
Q

What is the general conclusion regarding approaches.

A
  • projective methods do not give new exsiting insides

- but the combination of all approaches lead to better conclusions

39
Q

What is the drawing task about ?

A
  • showing sexuell abuse !