Task 2 - Argument mapping Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Task 2 - Argument mapping Deck (19)
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1
Q

an argument tree includes three key components

A
  1. Conclusion (Main claim, Contention or Position)
  2. Arguments or Premises Pro
  3. Arguments or Premises Contra
2
Q

Contention

A

an idea that somebody claims is true

3
Q

Reason

A

the evidence for the contention

4
Q

Objection

A

seeks to furnish evidence against the contention

5
Q

Conclusion

A

a contention supported by a reason or refuted by a counterargument

6
Q

Single argument

A

it consists of a contention which is justified using a single premise, or undermined using a single objection/counterargument

7
Q

Multiple or Composite argument

A

if an argument includes more than one reason or objection

8
Q

Convergent argument

A

Two premises supporting a conclusion separately and independently from one another

9
Q

Chain of reasoning

A

a contention that can operate as the premise for a conclusion at a higher level

10
Q

Co-Premises

A

when several premises together form a source of evidence for a conclusion

  • aka dependent premises
  • it does not support the contention independently from the other premise
  • can also be seen as a contention that bridges the logical gap between a premise and conclusion – major and minor premises
11
Q

Dependent premises

A

another term for co-premises

- arguments containing dependent premises are also called syllogisms

12
Q

Minor premise

A

it points at an implicit assumption needed to justify the conclusion

13
Q

Golden rule

A

each single argument really consists of two or more co-premises

  • this rule assumes that you need at least a co-premise to bridge the gap between the major premise and the conclusion
  • the rule invited you to identify minor assumptions
14
Q

Rabbit rule

A

each significant term that is part of the conclusion should also be part of one of the premises
- it ensures that there is a connection between the premise and the contention (p.24)

15
Q

Holding hands rule

A

if a term forms part of the premises but not of the contention, it should also form part of the other premise
- it ensures that a co-premise has a connection with another co-premise (p.24)

16
Q

Counterarguments

A

two arguments that counter each other (the evidence provided in favour of the claim versus the evidence provided against the claim

17
Q

Dispute

A

A claim to which several reasons and objections are linked

18
Q

If…then

A

constructions must always be represented as single claims in the argument
- these types of warrants are crucial parts of two important logical forms of reasoning modus ponies and modus tollens

19
Q

Warrant

A

a justification why a particular premise provides support for a particular claim