Task 1 measuring experience Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Task 1 measuring experience Deck (30)
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1
Q

Eyes

A

two spherical sensors called “eyes”, which contain a light sensitive chemical, to sense light

2
Q

Ears

A

are fitted with tiny vibrating hairs so sense pressure changes in the air

3
Q

Skin

A

small pressure detectors of various shapes imbedded under the skin to sense stimuli on the skin

4
Q

Nose/mouth

A

chemical detectors detect gases that are inhaled and solids and liquids that are ingested

5
Q

vestibular

A

fluid in the inner ear that keeps the body in balance

6
Q

Absolute threshold

A

the minimum stimulus intensity of sound that can just be detected 50% of the time

7
Q

Difference threshold

A

the gap between perceiving a stimuli as different or not (for humans and weight its 2%)

8
Q

Magnitude estimation (Stevens)

A

first presents a standard stimulus and assigns a value to it. Then different strengths of the stimulus are presented to the subject and he/she assigns new values proportional to the standard value.

9
Q

response compression

A

when the increase in perceived magnitude is smaller than the increase in stimulus intensity (light)

10
Q

Response expansion

A

when the increase in perceived magnitude is larger than the increase in stimulus intensity (electro shocks)

11
Q

Response linearity

A

When the increase in perceived magnitude is the same than the increase in stimulus intensity (length of a line)

12
Q

Phenomenological method

A

o A person is asked to describe what he or she is perceiving or to indicate when a particular perception occurs
o Often used to test perception of people with brain damage

13
Q

Response criterion

A

How likely a person is to consider a stimulus as seen or not seen (e.g. somebody reports a light when he sees the slightest light and another person only reports seeing something when she is 100% sure)

14
Q

Fechners law

A

o S = k * log * r (higher stimulus higher sensation) (constant physical stimulus intensity and sensation intensity) (adjusts webers law)

15
Q

Classical psychophysical methods (Fechner)

A

 Limits: either presenting stimuli in ascending or descending order doing both several times to calculate the average threshold
 Adjustment: only increasing or decreasing and the participant can determine his threshold by himself
 Constant stimuli: five to nine different stimuli presented in random order

16
Q

Webers law

A

The webers fraction (the percentage of how much you could detect changes in a stimulus) stays the same with increasing stimulus (detectable difference fraction, power of the stimulus) (not always right)

17
Q

Stevens power law

A

P = KSn. Perceived magnitude, P, equals a constant, K, times the stimulus intensity, S, raised to a power, n (combines Fechner and Weber)
o N the way how perceived magnitude changes as intensity is increased (>1 response expansion <1 is associated with response compression)

18
Q

Psychometric

A
  • is a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.
  • Measuring what happens in our mind
19
Q

Principle of transformation

A

stimuli and responses created by stimuli are transformed, or changed, between the environmental stimulus and perception

20
Q

Principle of representation

A

everything a person perceives is based not on direct contact with stimuli but on representation of stimuli that are formed on the receptors and on activity in the persons nervous system

21
Q

Stimuli Step 1 and 2

A

o Environmental stimulus:
 the tree that the person is observing (step 1)
o the perception of the tree is based on light reflected from the tree (step 2)

22
Q

Connection between step 1 and 2

A

 The environmental stimulus is transformed into the image on the retina, and this image represents the tree in the persons eyes

23
Q

Receptor processes/Transduction (step 3)

A

o Sensory receptors: are cells specialized to respond to environmental energy, with each sensory system’s, there are different systems for different input

24
Q

Transduction

A

The change from e.g. light energy to electrical energy

25
Q

Neural processing

A

o When transduction happen thousands of visual receptors provide electrical signals to a network of neurons, first in the retina, then in the back of the eye and then in the brain
o This complex network of neurons transmits signal to and trough the brain, and changes (or processes) these signals as they are transmitted.
 Changes are created by the different routes and obstacles

26
Q

Behavioural response

A

o The person perceives the tree (step 5)
o the person recognises it (step 6)
o action (step 7)

27
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

is based on the stimulus reaching the receptors

28
Q

Top-down processing

A

refers to processing that is based on knowledge

29
Q

Psychophysical approach

A

measures the relationship between the stimuli (step 1 and 2) and the behavioural response (step 6-7) (horizontal and vertical lines resulted in better vision)
describes the similiarity between the real obstacle (physical) an you representation (psycho)

30
Q

Physiological approach

A

measuring the relationship between stimuli (1&2) and physiological response (3&4) and the relationship between physiological responses (3&4) and behavioural responses (5-7)