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Pharm > T3: just drogas > Flashcards

T3: just drogas Flashcards

1
Q

phenylephrine

A

a1-agonist

maintain BP during neurogenic shock, hemorrhoids, nasal congestion, supraventricular tachycardia, mydriatic

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2
Q

midodrine

A

a1-agonist

orthostatic hypotension, urinary incontinence

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3
Q

cocaine

A

indirect acting sympathomimetic
inhibits reuptake NE at symp. nerve terminals
local anesthetic, vasoconstriction, reduces epistaxis

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4
Q

pseudoephedrine/ephedrine

A

indirect acting sympathomimetic

stim. rel. of NE from symp. nerve endings and dir. stim. adr. rec.
pseudoephedrine: tx nasal/bronchial congestion

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5
Q

amphetamine/methamphetamine/

methylphenidate

A

indirect acting sympathomimetic

stim. catechol. rel. from symp. and central* nerve endings

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6
Q

acebutolol (sectral)

A

B1-blocker
(part. agonist and mem stab) compete reversibly with NE
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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7
Q

atenolol (tenormin)

A

B1-blocker
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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8
Q

esmolol (brevibloc)

A

B1-blocker
antiHTN, short duration, use in acute tx
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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9
Q

metoprolol (lopressor, toprol-XL)

A

B1-blocker
(mem stab?)
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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10
Q

nadolol (corgard)

A

B1 and B2 blocker
antiHTN, prevent CV disease, long-duration, chronic
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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11
Q

pindolol

A

B1 and B2 blocker
(part. agonist and men stab?)
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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12
Q

propranolol (inderal-LA)

A

B1 and B2 blocker
(mem stab)
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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13
Q

timolol (timoptic)

A

B1 and B2 blocker
antiHTN, prevent CV disease
glaucoma: red. IOP by inhib. AH prod. (cil. epi) (little mem. stabilizing effect)
protect against catecholamine and thyroid storm

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14
Q

labetalol (trandate)

A

combo B-blocker PLUS a-blocker

antiHTN (primary) mod-severe, emergency tx of HTN crisis prevent CV disease

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15
Q

nebivolol

A

combo B1-blocker/endo-dep vasodilator

antiHTN, prevent CV disease (prod. NO from endothelium)

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16
Q

carvedilol

A

combo B1-blocker/a-blocker/antioxidant

heart failure

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17
Q

sotalol

A

combo B-blocker/K+channel blocker

arrythmias

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18
Q

phenoxybenzamine (dibenzyline)

A

non-selective a1 and a2 blocker
antiHTN, long-acting, pheochromocytoma pre-op/inop
only a-blocker that is non-competitive, irreversible

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19
Q

phentolamine (oraVerse)

A

non-selective a1 and a2 blocker
antiHTN, short-acting, “Phentolamine test”: dx pheos, use DURING pheo surg., NE OD, prev. local dermal tissue necrosis from NE
oraVerse reverses local anesthesia constriction

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20
Q

prazosin (minipress)

A

selective a1 blocker

antiHTN, long-term mild-mod, CV disease prevention, BPH relief, Raynaud’s, PTSD nightmares

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21
Q

terazosin (hytrin)

A

selective a1 blocker

antiHTN (BPH) prevent CV disease

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22
Q

doxazosin (cardura)

A

selective a1 blocker

antiHTN, (BPH), CV disease prevention

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23
Q

tamsulosin (flomax)

A

selective a1 blocker (a1A subtype)

BPH

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24
Q

alfuzosin (uroxatral)

A

selective a1 blocker (“uroselectivity”)

BPH

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25
Q

silodosin (rapaflo)

A

selective a1 blocker (a1A subtype)

BPH

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26
Q

reserpine

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker, peripherally-acting
antiHTN, CV disease prevention
dec. uptake of DA and NE into storage vesicles–>dec. available NE to rec.–>dec. CO and TPR
CNS effects, *irrev.

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27
Q

guanethidine

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker, peripherally-acting
antiHTN (not used anymore)
dec. uptake of DA & NE into storage vesicles–>dec. available NE to rec.–>dec. CO and TPR
also directly blocks NE release from nerve endings
(interactions w/ tricyc. antideps: imipramine, desipramine)

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28
Q

methyldopa

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting, prodrug
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
antiHTN, esp. during pregnancy, CV disease prevention

*all centrally acting adr. blockers: stim. a2 adr. rec in brain (neg fdbk)–>indir. red SNA from CNS(vasomotor center)–>peripheral CV organs

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29
Q

clonidine (catapres)

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
tx primary HTN, ADHD, hot flashes, PTSD, withdrawal (etOH, nicotine, morphine), analgesic into spinal cord
CV disease prevention can use patch for smooth BP control, more rebound HTN than methyldopa

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30
Q

guanabenz

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
antiHTN, lowers cholesterol

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31
Q

guanfacine

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
antiHTN, ADHD (intuniv)

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32
Q

aproclonidine

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker, centrally-acting
(actually a2-rec agonist! (neg FDBK))
lower post-surg. IOP (inc. a2 agonist in eye)

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33
Q

brimonidine

A

sympathetic neuronal blocker (a2 agonist)

lower IOP in glaucoma

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34
Q

nicotine

A 
ganglionic stimulant (blocks at high doses)
nicotine addiction tx
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35
Q

mecamylamine

A 
ganglionic blocker (pre-post nicotinic neural) *discontinued*
tx severe HTN, Tourette's, nicotine addiction tx
(trimethaphan, hexametonium also discontinued)
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36
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenergic bronchodilator
*B agonists also stabilize mast cells, inhib. degranulation/rel. of autocoids
tx for acute/life-threatening asthma (B2 typically) (epi. inc. cardiac performance)
BLACK BOX FOR ALL ADR. BRONCHODILATORS: may cause death in asthmatic pts (CNS: seizures; heart: palpitations)

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37
Q

isoproterenol

A

adrenergic bronchodilator

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38
Q

metaproterenol (alupent)

A

adrenergic bronchodilator

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39
Q

albuterol (ventolin)

A

adrenergic bronchodilator

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40
Q

levalbuterol (xopenex)

A

adrenergic bronchodilator

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41
Q

salmeterol (serevent)

A

adrenergic bronchodilator

*long acting, not acute tx

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42
Q

terbutaline (brethine)

A

adrenergic bronchodilator

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43
Q

pirbuterol (maxair)

A

adrenergic bronchodilator

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44
Q

theophylline (theodur)

A 
methylxanthine bronchodilators
severe asthma
also stabilize mast cells, inhib. phosphodiesterase-->inc. cAMP in smooth musc/mast cells
interact w/ adenosine rec
*narrow tx window*
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45
Q

aminophylline

A 
methylxanthine bronchodilators
severe asthma
also stabilize mast cells, inhib. phosphodiesterase-->inc. cAMP in smooth musc/mast cells
interact w/ adenosine rec
*narrow tx window*
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46
Q

beclomethasone (QVAR, Vanceril)

A

corticosteroids

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47
Q

flunisolide (aerobid)

A

corticosteroids

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48
Q

triamcinolone (azmacort, nasocort)

A

corticosteroids

49
Q

fluticasone (flovent, flonase)

A

corticosteroids

fluticasone + vilanterol = breo ellipta inhaler : COPD

50
Q

budesonide (pulmicort, rhinocort)

A

corticosteroids

51
Q

prednisone (oral)

A 
corticosteroids
allergic rxns, asthma (ppx, not nec. acute) (red. sev, shorten duration of attacks); v. severe allergies
inhaled forms (vs. systemic) red. toxicity
*corticosteroids primarily anti-inflammatory, inhib. autocoid syn., red. cell-mediated immunological damage;  secondarily stabilize mast cells
52
Q

mometasone (asmanex, nasonex)

A

corticosteroids

53
Q

methylprednisonlone (oral)

A

corticosteroids

54
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

mast cell stabilizer
inhib. rel. of histamine/other autocoids from sens. mast cells
ppx, not acute; use w/ other agents
asthma, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, GI allergies

55
Q

monteleukast (singulair)

A

leukotriene modulator
blocks leukotriene rec (CysLT 1 and 2)
aspirin-sensitive asthma, dec. freq and sev.
seasonal allergies

56
Q

zafirleukast (accolate)

A

leukotriene modulator
blocks leukotriene rec (CysLT 1 and 2)
aspirin-sensitive asthma, dec. freq and sev.

57
Q

zileuton (zyflo)

A

leukotriene modulator
inhibits lipooxygenase enzyme, dec. leukotriene formation
aspirin-sensitive asthma, dec. freq and sev. (QID)

58
Q

ipratropium (atrovent)

A

antimuscarinic
prevent acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm
quaternary, few syst. effects

59
Q

tiotropium (spiriva)

A

antimuscarinic
prevent acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm
COPD

60
Q

aclidinium (tudorza)

A

antimuscarinic
prevent acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm
COPD

61
Q

advair diskus

A

(salmeterol/fluticasone)

combo product for asthma

62
Q

combivent

A

(ipratroium/albuterol)

combo product for asthma

63
Q

symbicort

A

(formoterol/budesonide)

combo product for asthma

64
Q

dulera

A

(formoterol/mometasone)

combo product for asthma

65
Q

omalizumab (xolair)

A

immunomodulator (anti-IgE), MoAb
asthma
give IV, inj.

66
Q

diphenhydramine (benadryl)

A

H1 histamine antagonist

tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms

67
Q

fexofenadine (allegra)

A

H1 histamine antagonist

tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms

68
Q

cetirizine (zyrtec)

A

H1 histamine antagonist

tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms

69
Q

loratidine (claritin, alavert)

A

H1 histamine antagonist

tx allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis NOT asthma/anaphylaxis; dec. severity of symptoms

70
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (microzide)

A

diuretic (thiazide)
works at distal convoluted tubule, prev. reabsorp. NaCl
antiHTN, prevent CV disease

71
Q

furosemide (lasix)

A

diuretic (loop)- most powerful!
works at thick asc. limb of loop of Henle, prev. reabsorb. Na and Cl
antiHTN, prevent CV disease

72
Q

spironolactone (aldactone)

A

diuretic
K+ sparing, works at collecting duct
antiHTN, prevent CV disease

73
Q

verapamil (calan)

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

antiHTN, prevent CV disease (works in heart)

74
Q

nifedipine (procardia-XL)

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

antiHTN, prevent CV disease (works @ arts)

75
Q

captopril (capoten)

A

ACE inhibitor
prev. conversion of AngI–>AngII
antiHTN, prevent CV disease

76
Q

losartan (cozaar)

A

Angiotensin II rec blocker (ARBs)
works AFTER AngII produced; blocks binding
antiHTN, prevent CV disease

77
Q

lovastatin (mevacor)

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

tx for hyperlipoproteinemia (reduce cholesterol), prevent CV disease

78
Q

levothryoxine (synthroid)

A

synthetic T4
tx for hypothyroidism
(2nd most prescribed drug in US)

79
Q

131-Iodine

A

tx hyperthyroidism
kills thyroid cells, need other hyperthyroid drugs to make pt EUTHYROID before 131-I, also for thyroid Ca
not for nursing moms

80
Q

propylthiouracil (PTU)

A

thionamide
tx hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
inhibit steps 3 (iodination) and 4 (coupling of iodotyrosines)
do not inhibit release of T4/T3
also inhibits deiodinase (T4–>T3), better for more severe cases
better for pregnant pts

81
Q

KI (Potassium Iodide, Lugol’s solution)

A

iodine
tx hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
inhibits synthesis AND release of pre-formed/stored hormone, temporary, used w/ thionamides (1st) (thy. storm)
then propranolol, glucocorticoids, antipyretics (NOT ASA)

82
Q

alendronate (fosomax)

A

amino substituted bisphosphonate
more potent, longer acting
osteoporosis, Paget’s disease
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover

83
Q

risedronate (actonel)

A

pyridinal bisphosphonate
osteoporosis, Paget’s disease
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover (binds hydroxyapatite in bone)

84
Q

ibandronate (boniva)

A

bisphosphonate (1x/month)
osteoporosis, hypercalcemia (malignancy)
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover

85
Q

zoledronic acid (relclast, zometa)

A

bisphosphonate (take 1x/year!)

reclast: osteoporosis, Paget’s disease
zometa: hypercalcemia (malignancy)
incorp. into bone-inhib pyrophosphates in osteoclasts-slow bone turnover

86
Q

raloxifene (evista)

A

selective ESTROGEN receptor modulator (SERM)
osteoporosis (postmenopausal)
dec. osteoclast activity AND inc. osteoblast activity
(less breast ca, HD risk then general estrogen) (agonist in bone, antag in breast/uterus)

87
Q

calcitriol (rocaltrol)

A

1,25 hydroxyvitamin D
inc. dietary Ca2+ absorp. in GI, promotes osteoblast act.
osteoporosis, (hypoparathyroidism)

88
Q

calcitonin (calcimar)

A

from parafollicular C cells, lowers serum Ca2+ (inhib. osteolysis), decreases osteoclast activity
hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease (bone), 2nd line for postmen. osteoporosis

89
Q

methimazole (tapazole)

A

thionamide
tx hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
inhibit steps 3 (iodination) and 4 (coupling of iodotyrosines)
do not inhibit release of T4/T3

90
Q

T3 or 3,5,3’-triidothyronine (cytomel)

A

tx for hypothyroidism
very potent
rarely used except in sev. situations (in conjunction w/ levothyroxine)

91
Q

desiccated animal thyroid (armour thyroid)

A

tx for hypothyroidism
combo T3, T4; not 1st choice, use if don’t respond to levothyroxine
weight loss products OTC

92
Q

liotrix (euthroid)

A

tx for hypothyroidism

4:1 mixture T4:T3, expensive, rarely used

93
Q

aspirin, ibuprofin, NSAIDs, etc

A

inhib. PG syn (COX-1 and COX-2)
act at nerve endings in CNS
anti-inflammatory effects

94
Q

acetaminophen

A

inhibs. PG syn in nerve endings and CNS, not periphery

no antiinflammatory action

95
Q

ketorolac (toradol)

A

injectable NSAID

alt. to opioid for short-term pain

96
Q

celocoxib

A

selective COX-2 inhib (rofecoxib, valdecoxib no longer on the market)

97
Q

local anesthetics (lidocaine)

A

block sodium channels in nerve endings and axons and stop gen/cond of APs

98
Q

opioids

A

agonists at rec. for endorphins and enkephalins
act in limbic system
can act in SC to inhibit pain transmission

99
Q

morphine

A

u agonist opioid analgesic

severe pain

100
Q

codeine

A

u agonist opioid analgesic

moderate pain

101
Q

fentanyl (sublimaze)

A

u agonist opioid analgesic

severe pain

102
Q

heroin

A

u agonist opioid analgesic

schedule 1: do not prescribe (no shit)

103
Q

hydrocodone (vicodin, lortab)

A

u agonist opioid analgesic

moderate pain

104
Q

hydromorphone (dilaudid)

A

u agonist opioid analgesic

severe pain

105
Q

meperidine (demerol)

A

u agonist opioid analgesic

controversial!

106
Q

methadone (dolophine)

A

u agonist opioid analgesic
controversial!
severe pain
tx heroin addiction

107
Q

oxycodone (percodan, percocet, oxycontin)

A

u agonist opioid analgesic
controversial!
severe pain

108
Q

pentazocine (talwin)

A

partial/mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic

109
Q

buprenorphine (buprenex, subutrex, suboxone)

A

partial/mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic

110
Q

tramadol (ultram)

A

partial/mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic
controversial!
moderate pain

111
Q

vicodin

A

5 mg hydrocodone + 500 mg acetaminophen

be careful w/ combos, may OD

112
Q

amitriptyline

A

antidepressant, tx for chronic pain w. opioids, neurogenic pain

113
Q

carbamazepine

A

anticonvulsant, tx for neurogenic pain

114
Q

gabapentin (neurontin)

A

anticonvulsant, tx for neurogenic pain

115
Q

pregabalin (lyrica)

A

anticonvulsant, tx for neurogenic pain

116
Q

ciclesonide (alvesco, omnaris)

A

corticosteroid

117
Q

norepinephrine

A

antidote for too much ganglionic block: CV support for neurogenic shock

118
Q

pamidronate (aredia)

A

amino substituted bisphosphonate

hypercalcemia of malignancy, Paget’s disease (occas.)

119
Q

zoledronate (zometa)

A

new bisphosphonate

hypercalcemia

Pharm (45 decks)

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