Systemic Disease Neuropathies Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Systemic Disease Neuropathies Deck (23)
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1
Q

the brain is wimpy. What does it require to function?

A
  • glucose (No anaerobic metabolism)
  • stable (pH, Ca, Na, BUN)
  • LOTS of blood flow
  • MAP between 60-180 mmHg
2
Q

What’s the only primary intracranial disease you’d consider in a young puppy?

A

hydrocephalus

3
Q

renal encephalopathy

example patients?

A

severe azotemia causing uremia (BUN>150, Crea >10)

  • feline renal transplant
  • dialysis disequilibrium
4
Q

hypoglycemic boxer episode?
Whats your top differential?
How do you test for it?

A

ddx: insulinoma
do a paired insulin/glucose test when BG is under 50
Treat with prednisone (causes peripheral insulin resistance)

5
Q

what neuropathy does hypoglycemia cause

A

seizure/seizure-like episodes

6
Q

treating hypoglycemia

A

increase BG.
Diazepam won’t hurt but fix the real problem:
1. immature - feed it
2. insulinoma - prednisone

7
Q

what neuropathy does hyperglycemia cause?

concurrent changes that cause main effects?

A

no overt signs, but is chronically bad for neurons
ex/ diabetic neuropathy (loss of sensory and motor function, think plantigrade cat)

-dehydration and hyperosmolarity : Hyperosmolar syndrome

8
Q

What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic sydrome?

What do you need to consider when treating it?

A
  • BG>800, Azotemic, hypernatremic; stuporous to comatose patients
  • IV fluids MUST have sodium to avoid cerebral edema
  • avoid dropping glucose by more than 75-100 mg/dL per hour
9
Q

3 target organs of hypertension?

A

kidney
retina
BRAIN

10
Q

neurologic signs of hypertension

ocular signs?

A

depends on the area affected - seizures, vestibular, collapse, paralysis
- hypertensive encephalopathy: focal edema, ischemic/hemorrhagic infarcts, acute neuro signs

anisocoria, blindness, NAT, rolling

11
Q

what vessels are affected by hypertension?

A

small capillaries cannot insulate with loss of autoregulation

12
Q

treatment for hypertensive encephalopathy

A
  1. control BP (amlodipine +/- ACE-inhibitor

2. treat underlying disease

13
Q

underlying causes of hypertension?

A

dogs: PLN, HAC, PHT, Pheochromocytoma
cats: HCM, Hyperthyroid, idiopathic

14
Q

How does heart base tumor cause neuro sings?

A

compresses pulmonary artery causing pulmonary hypertension and seizures.

15
Q

Arrythmias in general all _____ CO causing ______.

A

decrease, low oxygen delivery to brain

16
Q

With hyperviscosity, what are clinical signs attributed to?

A

hypoxia, reduced perfusion

usually present for seizures

17
Q

causes of polycythemia

A

polycythemia vera
EPO secreting tumor
R>L shunting PDA

18
Q

treatment polycythemia

A

phlebotomy, hydroxyurea

19
Q

differentials for hyperglobulinemia

A

dogs: multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumor, infectious (Ricketsia)
cats: FIP, infectious

20
Q

hyperviscosity due to cholesterol/triglycerides.
breed?
tx?

A

mini schnauzers

tx: diet, thyroid supplement

21
Q

hypercoagulability differentials?

A

PLN (losing anti-thrombin)
HAC (Cushing)
Sepsis/DIC
IMHA

22
Q

hypocoagulability differentials?

A
toxicity
heatstroke
sepsis/DIC
thrombocytopenia
factor deficiency (vWf, hemophilia)
23
Q

Rare congenital hypothyroidism in cat

A

abnormal gait, stunted with open physes, cornealdystrophy, seizures