Systematics and Primate Clades Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Systematics and Primate Clades Deck (19)
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1
Q

the discipline within biology that is concerned with:

  1. inferring the evolutionary relationships among organisms
  2. organizing and naming taxa
A

systematics

2
Q

inferring the evolutionary relationships among organisms

A

phylogeny reconstruction

3
Q

organizing and naming taxa

A

classification

4
Q
  • classifies species based on overall similarity
  • not concerned with phylogeny
  • earliest approach, now lesscommon
A

phenetics

5
Q
  • classifies species based on phylogeny only

- developed in 60s and now dominant

A

cladistics

6
Q
  • father of taxonomy and systematics
  • catalogued nature
  • developed systema naturae
A

Carolus Linnaeus

7
Q

the scientific name of a species contains both the genus and species

A

binomial nomenclature

8
Q

Exclusively concerned with evolutionary relationships
-evaluates relationships between organisms by examining variation in traits and whether they are shared among multiple groups of organisms, or are unique to a single group

A

Cladistics

9
Q

What is the term when an ancestral species and all of its descendent species are nested within larger clades

A

clades

10
Q

an ancestral species and some of its descendents

A

paraphyletic grouping

11
Q

a group of species but not including the ancestor

A

polyphyletic grouping

12
Q

a trait that is found in the last common ancestor of some specified group of taxa and that is expected to be in that ancestor’s descendants

A

symplesiomorphy

13
Q

a trait that has changed from the condition seen in the last common ancestor and which is shared among some of its descendants

A

synapomorphy

14
Q

a trait that has changed from the condition seen in the last common ancestor and which is not shared among some of its descendants

A

autapomorphy

15
Q

similarities between organisms based on descent from a common ancestor

A

homology

16
Q

similarities between organisms based strictly on common function, with no assumed common evolutionary descent

A

analogy

17
Q

the separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in different groups of organisms

A

homoplasy, also called convergent evolution

18
Q

analysis of molecular differences to gain information about shared evolutionary relationships

A

molecular phylogenetics

19
Q

Used to test hypotheses about adaptation

A

comparative method