Succession Flashcards

1
Q

In what act were Mary and Elizabeth restored?

A
  • ratified by parliament in 1544 Third Act of Succession
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2
Q

By the end of 1552, what was the main focus of the Privy Council?

A
  • Edward’s health deterioration and succession
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3
Q

What order of succession did the Third Act of Succession outline?

A
  • if Ed died without heir
  • succeeded by half-sister Mary
  • if Mary died without heir
  • Elizabeth succeeds her
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4
Q

Why didn’t Edward/ Privy Council want Mary on the throne?

A
  • she held firm to Catholic beliefs and continued hearing mass from chaplain
  • Privy Council were concerned she would renounce the Royal Supremacy, restore monasteries/ property
  • had done well under Edward and were concerned about consequences of England’s customs and liberties if she married a foreigner
  • Northumberland didn’t support her because he had pushed through Protestant legislation and would probably be executed
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5
Q

What was the legal hope of North and the Privy Council to avoid the succession?

A
  • Act of Succession had been passed BUT 1534 and 1536 Acts making Mary and Elizabeth illegitimate hadn’t been repealed
  • ie. they were restored but no legal change said they could inherit
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6
Q

What was a key concern of the Privy Council about the succession and how did they deal with it?

A
  • Mary/ Elizabeth would marry a foreign prince
  • England would become satellite state to foreign power
  • might explain why North married his son Guilford to Lady Jane Grey (May 1553) ie. provide a solidly English marriage that would be more acceptable to those who feared foreign interference
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7
Q

What legal documents were drawn up by Edward and what did they say?

A
  • devyse drawn up
  • enabled Lady Jane (brill because she’s Protestant) to succeed and for his Protestant Church to be protected
  • supported by Privy Council and North, support of household officials, leading judges, 22 peers, mayor and aldermen (leading politicians) of the City of London
  • Letters Patent then drawn up (but never made law before Ed dies)
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8
Q

After the devyse gains so much support and Jane is proclaimed Queen - what does Mary do?

A
  • allowed to travel unchecked

- travels from Hertfordshire to places where she knew she would find support

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9
Q

On what date did Mary claim the throne? How?

A
  • 9th July

- she wrote to the Privy Council

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10
Q

Within two days of her claiming the throne - what happened?

A
  • joined at Kenninghall by number of key politicians who supported her personally/ legitimacy of parliamentary legislation/ right of the Tudors to rule/ because they were Catholic
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11
Q

After Kenninghall - where did Mary move? Who joined her?

A
  • Framlingham Castle in Norfolk
  • Robert Brown (baron of the Exchequer)
  • Earl of Sussex
  • serjeant at law Richard Morgan (elite lawyer)
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12
Q

How did Northumberland feel it was most necessary to proceed?

A
  • (having written to reject Mary’s claim)
  • arrest Mary and detain her in Tower
  • North and two sons (Robert and Guilford) accompanied by 500 men and left London - joined by further 2,500 men
  • sacked property belonging to Mary’s supporters
  • occupied Cambridge
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13
Q

Once North had dispatched troops into East Anglia and returned to Cambridge what had happened?

A
  • found little support for Jane
  • 19th July: councillors who had remained in London had proclaimed Mary Queen
  • support for Mary found in East Anglia and Thames Valley from provincial nobles and gentry
  • (these people persuaded the Privy Councillors who had signed the Letters Patent to abandon North)
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14
Q

Why did councillors change to Mary so quickly?

A
  • popular support for Mary being demonstrated throughout the country
  • representatives of HRE had been emphasising that they would be conciliatory but also threat of intervention
  • number of councillors seen to have only supported Northumberland because he held the military power
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15
Q

What kind of propaganda tactics had North and Jane used against Mary?

A
  • Jane’s first proclamation argued that if Mary was Queen she would bring this ‘noble, free realm into the tyranny and servitude of the Bishop of Rome’
  • North wrote to localities that Mary’s accession would return England to the bondage of the Antichrist
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16
Q

What evidence is there that a lot of Mary’s supporters supported Catholicism?

A
  • many of nobles and gentry had voted against Protestant innovations eg. prayer book and dissolution of the monasteries