Subcultrual Theories - Three Subcultures Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Subcultrual Theories - Three Subcultures Deck (11)
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1
Q

Who came up with the 3 subcultures theory?

A

Cloward and ohlin

2
Q

What did cloward and ohlin say was the cause of crime?

A

lack of legitimate opportunities

3
Q

How does cloward and ohlin differ from Cohen’s theory?

A

says there are a number of responses to status frustration

4
Q

What does cloward and ohlin try to explain?

A
  • Why some subcultures resort to violence and vandalism

- whilst some resort to economic crime or illegal drug use

5
Q

What is the key reason for different responses?

A
  • unequal access to legitimate opportunities
  • unequal access to illegitimate opportunities
  • different opportunities for young p’s to learn criminal skills and have criminal careers
6
Q

What are the 3 subcultures?

A
  • criminal
  • conflict
  • retreatist
7
Q

What is a criminal subculture?

A
  • young p’s work way up in criminal hierarchy
  • arise in areas w/ an established hierarchy of successful crime careers
  • provide young p’s with training and role models
  • young p’s have opportunities to climb criminal ladder
8
Q

What is conflict subcultures?

A
  • no local criminal subculture
  • territorial groups exist to recruit young p’s in area
  • these engage in violence to achieve status and respect
9
Q

What is retreatist subcultures?

A
  • p’s have no opportunities to engage in either criminal or conflict subcultures
  • ‘double failure’
  • retreat into alcohol or drugs
  • spend their time with others who drop out of society
10
Q

What’s a strengths of cloward and ohlin?

A
  • provides and explanation to why some subcultures focus on non utilitarian crime while others focus on utilitarian
  • in 1960’s ohlin was asked to develop crime policy in USA
11
Q

What are the weaknesses of cloward and ohlin’s theory?

A
  • ignores crime of wealthy

- individuals drift in and out of delinquency therefore not committed to their subculture