Studies by Hall, Phillips and Bowling Flashcards Preview

Ethnicity and Crime > Studies by Hall, Phillips and Bowling > Flashcards

Flashcards in Studies by Hall, Phillips and Bowling Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another

2
Q

Phillips and Bowling - Why did the issue of race and crime become an issue in the 1970’s?

A

Due to the over-represented number of African/Caribbean people in prison in Britain

3
Q

Phillips and Bowling - What were the police force blamed for?

A

Institutionalised racism (did not deal with the racist attacks as well as they should have)

4
Q

Phillips and Bowling - What did the higher arrest rates for African Caribbean’s lead to?

A

“Black criminality”

5
Q

Phillips and Bowling - Why was crime amongst Asians initially low?

A

Strong family ties and close knit communities

6
Q

Hall - What effect did the image of a black mugger in the media have?

A

Created moral panic
Police would arrest any suspicious African Caribbean youths
Reported increase of black people committing crime
Negative stereotyping

7
Q

Hall - Why might African Caribbean’s committed more crime during this period?

A

More pressure
Street crime became a survival strategy
Loss of jobs
Low wages

8
Q

What did Gilroy say to contradict Hall, Phillips and Bowling?

A

Black criminality is a myth
They are just trying to defend themselves against a society that treats them unfairly
Political struggle
Police are prejudice
Many Afro-Caribbean’s are law abiding citizens

9
Q

What do left realists say about the research conducted by Hall, Phillips and Bowling?

A

Ignores the race of the victim - are black people committing crime against black people
Other factors need to be fully investigated

10
Q

Which sociologists would support the idea that black people commit more crime because of their circumstances?

A

Marxists

Cashmore

11
Q

What cause does military style policing have on the criminality of black people?

A

Increased tensions so a form of rebellion might occur

12
Q

Positive evaluation points for Hall, Phillips and Bowling?

A

Supported by Interactionists

Police use labelling - powers of suspicion to stop and search black youths more

13
Q

2 examples of studies reviewed by Bowling and Phillips?

A

Desai (1999) and Mawby and Batta (1980).

14
Q

Why are crime rates for Asians relatively so low?

A

They come from tightly knit self-regulating communities with strong family ties.

15
Q

Which crimes did Mawby and Batta (1980) research?

A

British Asian crime in Bradford.

16
Q

Why were British Asians reluctant to commit crime?

A

“Izzat”/ “Family honour”

17
Q

What did Alexander (2000) research?

A

He conducted an ethnographic research of young Asian males in South London during the 1990’s

18
Q

What were some reasons as to why the moral panic might have escalated about Asian gangs?

A

The Gulf War in 1990 lead to hostile attitudes towards the Middle East/ A 1993 Panorama documentary expressed concern about Muslim Ghetto culture, and many news articles about Asian gangs appeared in the Daily Mail and Independent newspapers/ 3) In 1995 there was a riot in Bradford whereby Asian youths expressed their unhappiness about how their community was being policed.

19
Q

True or false: Asian gangs actually existed

A

False

20
Q

What is a disadvantage of Alexander’s work?

A

He may have “Gone native”/ Violated ethics as no informed consent when the research was started.

21
Q

What is an advantage of Alexander’s work?

A

Qualitative research and therefore is supported by interpretivists/ Rich findings as Verstehen gained.

22
Q

What did Bowling and Graham’s (1995) sample of people consist of?

A

1700 participants and then a further 800 participants from ethnic minorities.

23
Q

What did the participants of Bowling and Graham’s study have to do?

A

Self-report the number and types of crime they had committed during the last year.

24
Q

What did Bowling and Graham find?

A

44% white people, 43% black people, 30% Indian, 28% Pakistani and 13% Bangladeshi admitted to committing one or more crimes/ White males and females admitted to using drugs more than any other ethnic group, whilst Bangladeshi people had the lowest rate of drug use/ White people commit more crime than other ethnic groups in general.

25
Q

What is an advantage of Bowling and Graham’s study?

A

Large sample/ Good statistics.

26
Q

What is a disadvantage of Bowling and Graham’s study?

A

Social desirability bias/ Lying/ Not knowing what was and was not a crime.