Stuarts - chapter 4: Religion and religious divisions Flashcards Preview

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1
Q

what was the Millenary petition? (1603)

A

A moderate request for changes in certain practices within the Church of England, presented to King James I of England in April 1603 by Puritan ministers. It received its name from the claim by the authors that it had been signed by 1,000

2
Q

What was the impact of The Millenary Petition ?

A

It initiated a debate over the religious establishment that James intended to defend. The king called a number of his leading bishops to hold a formal disputation with the reformers.

3
Q

what was the Hampton court conference?

A

a meeting at the Hampton Court Palace, near London, in January 1604, in response to the Millenary Petition, in which the Puritans set forth their demands for reform of the Church of England. The conference was presided over by King James I and attended by the bishops and the Puritan leaders. Among the reforms discussed were changes in church government, changes in The Book of Common Prayer, and a new translation of the Bible.

4
Q

James 1 at the Hampton court conference?

A

saw the king in his element. He took a personal role in the debate and made clear that he hoped to find a place in his church for moderates of all stripes. It was only extremists that he intended to “harry from the land,” those who, unlike the supporters of the Millenary Petition, sought to tear down the established church. The king responded favourably to the call for creating a better-educated and better-paid clergy and referred several doctrinal matters to the consideration of convocation.

5
Q

Result of the Hampton court conference?

A

only a few of the points raised by the petitioners found their way into the revised canons of 1604. - the most important result of the conference was the establishment of a commission to provide an authorized English translation of the Bible, the King James Version (1611).

6
Q

What did James desire for catholics and puritans in his church?

A

James’s hope was that moderates of all persuasions, Roman Catholic and Protestant alike, might dwell together in his church. He offered to preside at a general council of all the Christian churches—Catholic and Protestant—to seek a general reconciliation. Only liberals in all churches took his offer seriously.

7
Q

James regarding religion leading to the gunpowder plot?

A

He sought to find a formula for suspending or ameliorating the laws against Catholics if they would take a binding oath of political obedience. Most Catholics were attracted by the offer, but James’s plans failed when an unrepresentative group of Catholics, disappointed that this son of a Catholic queen had not immediately restored Catholic liberties, plotted to kill him, his family, and his leading supporters by blowing up the Houses of Parliament in the course of a state opening, using gunpowder secreted in a cellar immediately beneath the House of Lords.

8
Q

What was the gunpowder plot? (1605)

A

the conspiracy of English Roman Catholics to blow up Parliament and King James I, his queen, and his eldest son on November 5, 1605. The leader of the plot, Robert Catesby, together with his four coconspirators—Thomas Winter, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Guy Fawkes—were zealous Roman Catholics angered by James’s refusal to grant more religious toleration to Catholics. — Apparently hoping that the plan could provide an opportunity for the English Catholics to take over the country.

9
Q

Impact of the gunpowder plot?

A

The failure of the Gunpowder Plot (1605) led to reprisals against Catholics and prevented James from going any further than exhibiting humane leniency toward them in the later years of his reign.

10
Q

Religion and religious divisions under James summary

A

Aside from the gun powder plot, James’s ecumenical outlook did much to defuse religious conflict and led to 20 years of relative peace within the English church.

11
Q

What does the term “Anglican” mean?

A
  • Moderate Calvinist theology.

* Made up the majority of people in England.

12
Q

How much of the English population were Catholics?

A

5%

13
Q

What does the term “Puritan” mean?

A
  • Resented Bishops.
  • Calvinists.
  • Wanted further reform in the Church.
14
Q

Define “Presbyterian”:

A

‘A group based in Scotland who did not have Bishops and did not recognise the monarch as the head of the Church.

15
Q

What was a key belief in Calvinism?

A

Predestination. (If you go to heaven or hell was predetermined.)

16
Q

Who was John Calvin?

A
  • Created Calvinism.

* Reformed the Church in Geneva.

17
Q

What was arminianism?

A
  • Derived from Dutch Theology. (Jacobus Arminius).
  • Emphasised the idea of Free Will.
  • Opposed Calvinism.
18
Q

What did ‘Via Media’ mean?

A

‘Middle Way’.

19
Q

What was ‘Via Media’?

A
  • Started by Elizabeth in 1559, and was commonly accepted by 1603./
  • Established a state religion of Protestantism, but Catholics who conformed in society was socially acceptable.
20
Q

What were the ‘39 articles’?

A
  • Created and introduced during Elizabeth’s Reign.

* Stated what the English Church Believed.

21
Q

What was ‘Erastian’?

A

The belief that the state should govern the Church.

22
Q

What was the book of sports?

A

The document that set out what activities were and were not permitted on the Sabbath (Sunday).

23
Q

Describe the dispute that led to the book of sports being created in 1617.

A

Puritan magistrates in Lancashire had forbidden a number of activities on a Sunday that James hadn’t consented to. He created the book of sports to create clarity in 1617 and exteneded its reach to become national in 1618.

24
Q

How many bills were put forward in 1604 requesting Church reform?

A

Over 70

25
Q

Why did George Abbot promote George Villiers as a new royal favourite to replace Robert Carr?

A

Abbot was opposed to the divorce of Frances Howard from the Earl of Essex purely for the gratification of Robert Carr.

26
Q

What were the names of the three archbishops who served under James?

A

John Whitgift
Richard Bancroft
George Abbot

27
Q

How did Charles’ marriage to Henrietta Maria cause conflict?

A

When the Spanish Match collapse, many people in Parliament were happy, and celebrated the event.
So when Charles instead married a French Catholic, this was not much more popular than the Spanish Match.

28
Q

Who was Cardinal Richelieu?

A

Louis XIII’s Chief Minister from 1624.
He was determined to reduce the power of Spain.
He wanted to restore the power of the French Monarch.

29
Q

What was Cardinal Richelieu’s stance on the war with Spain?

A

He was opposed to any direct intervention.
He wanted Spain to remain locked in war.
He wanted to use this opportunity to grow French interests elsewhere.

30
Q

What Religious reform in England was Cardinal Richelieu pushing for?

A

Reduction of the Penal Laws.

Allowing Charles’ wife to attend Catholic services.

31
Q

James and charles key belief…

A

Divine right of kings: political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It stems from a specific metaphysical framework in which the king is pre-selected as an heir prior to their birth. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving his right to rule directly from the will of God

32
Q

How was Religion an issue in the 1625 Parliament?

A

MP’s were concerned about the relaxed enforcement of the Penal Laws.
Charles was not willing to listen, so Parliament threatened to withhold financial support until he granted their demands.
Parliament began to attack Richard Montagu, who was an Arminian, who Charles defended

33
Q

When did Charles disolve the 1625 Parliament?

A

12th August 1625.

34
Q

How was Religion an issue in the 1626 ?

2nd parliament

A

The Religious situation had begun to ease due to increased enforcment of the Penal Laws, and due to the fact Charles had sent his Wife’s Servants back to France.
However William Laud had begun to rise in power, he preached a Sermon at the opening of Parliament, and had begun to increase his power.

35
Q

Why did the religious question and the rise of Arminianism cause an issue in the 1629 parliament?

A

A series of deaths among bishops had lead to Charles being able to fill those positions with 8 new bishops of his choice. This included Laud as bishop of London and Montagu as Chichester. This was provocative on the part of Charles as they were unpopular with many MPs.

36
Q

What were the 3 resolutions forcibly passed in the 1629 parliament?

A
  • Those advertising popish or Arminian innovations in religion were ‘capital enemies to this kingdom’
  • Those who participated in the collection of Customs duties were ‘innovators in the government’ and ‘capital enemies to this kingdom’
  • Those who paid Customs duties were ‘betrayers of the liberty of England and enemies to the same’