Stuart Britain Points Test 2 - Origins of the Civil War Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Stuart Britain Points Test 2 - Origins of the Civil War Deck (28)
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1
Q

What was the hostile label given to the Personal rule?

A

The Eleven Year’s Tyranny.

2
Q

Who was Charles’ Lord Treasurer at the start of the Personal Rule in 1629?

A

Richard Weston.

3
Q

What measures Weston take to repair royalist finances in the Personal Rule? Give five points.

A
  • First attempt since Cranfield (under James) to reform royal spending departments.
  • 1629-1633 navy, ordinance and royal household departments investigated.
  • Increased royalist revenue: customs duties became vital revenue in 1630s.
  • Increased recusancy fines for Catholics, from £5,300 p.a. to £26 866 p.a.
  • Almost full amount of ship money in 1634 collected.
4
Q

Many nobles fined as their lands were violating enclosure laws, forest courts revived to fine estates that encroached illegally on royal forests.

A

Many nobles fined as their lands were violating enclosure laws, forest courts revived to fine estates that encroached illegally on royal forests.

5
Q

How far were wardship fines increased under the Personal Rule?

A

X3

6
Q

Why was there increased anger at Ship Money Tax in mid-1630s? Give three points.

A

Ship money became a permanent land tax.

Heavier burden than tax subsidy, as more people than select rich saw their taxes rise.

No danger of attack or invasion in mid-1630s.

7
Q

How many judges (/12) decided against the Crown at John Hampden’s 1638 trial, concerning the opposition to paying Ship Money?

A

5

8
Q

What percentage of the Ship Money tax was paid between 1634-1638 (which makes it difficult for Coward to estimate level of opposition)?

A

90%

9
Q

What was the purpose of the ‘Book of Orders’ in 1630 and 1631?

A

To enforce law and order, set out duties of all local law enforcement (JPs, sheriffs), a reform of local government.

10
Q

What successes did the ‘Book of Orders’ have?

Give four points.

A

Alleviated worst affects of 1629-1630 economic crises
Helped regularise meetings of petty sessions
Helped procedures for licencing alehouses
Helped apprenticing poor children.

11
Q

Why did Caroline/Charles’ efforts to reform the militia fail? Give two points.

A
  • Lord Lieutenants and their deputies, from 1604, derived authority directly from crown-were thus viewed with suspicion and their actions questioned in terms of legality.
  • Forced billeting, during wars of 1620s, made militia deeply unpopular.
12
Q

Why Laudians hated by most protestants? Give three points.

A
  • Doctrine of free will/God’s grace open to all seemed to be attack on belief of predestination, held by most Protestants.
  • Laudian highlighting of sacramental/ceremonial aspects and vicar’s role was against emphasis on scripture from recent protestant practice.
  • Some Laudians (not all) claimed existence of bishops depended on divine right.
13
Q

Why were religious measures under Personal Rule, especially the moving of the alter to east end of church, so controversial in terms of the manner of their introduction?

A

No effort to explain or persuade people-measures simply enforced.

14
Q

What was reissued in 1633, and when/by whom had it been first issued?

A

Book of Sports, first issued by James in 1618.

15
Q

Who did the abolishment of the Feoffees for Impropriations annoy, and why?

A

Group of Puritan London merchants/landowners founded in 1625, who had bought livings for puritan preachers.

16
Q

Which three puritans did the Star chamber savagely punish in 1637 for anti-episcopal pamphleteering, which only served to undermine Calvinist episcopalianism?

A

Prynne, Burton and Bastwick.

17
Q

Why is the idea of Henrietta Maria as a pro-Spanish faction leader at court mistaken?

A

She actually patronised an anti-Spanish faction with prominent Protestants in it (e.g. Earl of Northumberland), a proud French Princess!

18
Q

What event had changed the relationship between Charles I and Henrietta Maria, that made Charles rely upon his wife much more?

A

Assassination of Duke of Buckingham.

19
Q

How did Wentworth cause resentment in Ireland to royalist policy? Give three points.

A
  • After Irish parliament gave three subsidies, no ‘graces’ offered despite being promised.
  • Encroached on native Irish and Old English landowners.
  • Ecclesiastical reforms offended many protestants, Laudianism.
20
Q

What two major religious impositions had James successfully achieved in Scotland prior to the PR? (2 marks)

A
  • Promotion of 5 articles of Perth.

* Promotion of Episcopacy.

21
Q

What introduced in 1633, to Scottish Presbyterian fury?

A

The Common Book of Prayer.

22
Q

On 23rd July 1637, where did Jenny Geddes famously start a riot against the reforms?

A

St Giles’ Cathedral, Edinburgh.

23
Q

What did Scots create in February 1638 to organise resistance to Charles’ religious reforms?

A

The National Covenant.

24
Q

Why did Charles fail to bring the scots to heel? Give three points.

A
  • No enthusiasm for war in England-more sympathetic with scots (some Lords secretly co-operating)
  • Scottish army strong.
  • English forces weak and unpayable-no cash.
25
Q

When did Short parliament meet?

A

13th April 1640.

26
Q

When was the Short Parliament cancelled?

A

May 1640.

27
Q

What city did the Scots occupy in August 1640?

A

Newcastle.

28
Q

How much did Charles have to pay the Scots, a day, in the Treaty of Ripon?

A

£300.

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