Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Structure and bonding > Flashcards

Structure and bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atomic forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the physical and the chemical properties of isotopes of the same element

A

Same chemical properties

Different physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Calculate the RAM of Cl. If there is 75% of Cl35 and 25% of Cl37

A

(3575+3725)/100=35.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RAM

A

Relative atomic mass. Relative to 1/12 of Carbon 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 3 types of bonding

A

1) Ionic 2) Covalent 3) Metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Is the transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to metal atoms when they form an ionic bond?

A

They lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to non-metal atoms when they form an ionic bond?

A

They gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the forces of attraction in an ionic compound

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of a giant crystal structure (2)

A

1) Sodium chloride 2) Magnesium oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the arrangement of of ions in a giant structure

A

The alternate positive and negative ions in an ionic solid are arranged in an orderly way in a giant ionic lattice structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe properties of ionic compounds (6)

A

1) Strong bonding forces make the structure hard. They are not malleable, but brittle
2) Have a high melting and boiling points
3) The greater the charges of the ions the stronger the forces of attraction
4) Many soluble in water. NOT ALL
5) Solid crystals do not conduct electricity
6) Ionic compound melted or dissolved in water will conduct electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why solid ionic crystals don’t conduct electricity?

A

Particles are held in place, therefore no movement of charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give an example of 2 ionic compounds with different melting points and different charges of ions

A

1) Mg +2 O -2 (2852C) 2) Na+Cl- (801C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Share of electrons between non-metals ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Cl2

A

A molecule with no overall charge

17
Q

Describe the attraction forces between molecules

A

Weak forces of attraction

18
Q

Describe the attraction forces of a covalent bonding

A

Very strong

19
Q

Describe and explain Melting point of a covalent compound

A

Low, forces of attraction between individual molecules are weak

20
Q

Describe and explain Physical state at rtp of a covalent molecule

A

Gasses or liquids with low boiling points or solids with low melting point, weak forces of attraction between the molecules

21
Q

Describe and explain Electrical conductivity of a covalent molecule

A

Do not conduct electricity, the molecules have no overall charge

22
Q

Describe and explain solubility in water of a covalent molecule

A

Most are insoluble in water, strong forces of attraction within the molecule

23
Q

Describe physical and chemical properties of diamond (6)

A

1) Each carbon atom has 4 covalent bonds with its neighbours
2) The atoms are arranged in a giant covalent structure
3) Very high melting point 3500
4) Very hard
5) Not soluble in water
6) Doesn’t conduct electricity

24
Q

Describe physical and chemical properties of graphite(6)

A

1) Has a layered structure
2) Each carbon atoms forms 3 covalent bonds, which leaves the fourth electron in the bonding level delocalised over the whole of the sheet
3) Delocalised electrons are free to move, therefore conduct electricity
4) Soft
5) Very high melting point 3500
6) Insoluble in water

25
Q

Covalent substances can either be…(2)

A

1) Giant covalent structure 2) Simple molecular structure

26
Q

Giant covalent structures

A

Huge 3D networks of atoms with high melting and boiling points

27
Q

Properties of metals(7)

A

1) Conduct electricity
2) Conduct heat
3) Most metals are hard
4) High melting and boiling points
5) Typically have silvery surface
6) Very malleable
7) Have a high density

28
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Array of positive ions in a sea of electrons

29
Q

Describe forces of attraction in a metallic bonding

A

Strong electrical forces of attraction between free and mobile electrons and the ‘immobile’ positive metal ions

30
Q

Factors affecting the rate of reaction (5)

A

1) Concentration
2) Catalyst
3) Surface area
4) Temperature
5) Pressure (for gasses)

31
Q

Rate of reaction

A

Number of successful collisions per second

32
Q

Why concentration results in increase of reactions?

A

More particles available for collision

33
Q

Why surface area results in increase of reactions?

A

More particles are exposed to the surface so there are more successful collisions

34
Q

How do catalysts work?

A

They provide an alternative pathway for reactions, so they occur at lower activation energy. DO NOT REACT THEMSELVES

Chemistry (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions