Stroke & Alzheimer Flashcards Preview

A&P Final Exam > Stroke & Alzheimer > Flashcards

Flashcards in Stroke & Alzheimer Deck (21)
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1
Q

blood flow to brain

A

750 ml/min

2
Q

2 types of stroke

A

ischemic

hemorrhagic

3
Q

risk factors for stroke

A
high BP
high cholesterol
heart disease
diabetes
smoking
obesity
smoking
alcohol
4
Q

TPA

A

must be used within 3 hours of onset

tissue plasminogen activator

5
Q

penumbra

A

central dead core surrounded by ischemic band w perfused cells

6
Q

penumbra survival depends on

A

successful return of blood
vol of toxic products
degree of cerebral edema
alteration in local blood flow

7
Q

TIA

A

reach max intensity immediately

focal ischemic area

8
Q

thrombotic stroke

A

large vessel- atherosclerotic

thrombus or embolus

9
Q

lacunar stroke

A

small vessel- deeper in brain

lacunar infarcts leave small cavities (lacunae)

10
Q

causes of lacuna infarcts

A
embolism
hypertension
small vessel occlusive disease
hematologic abnormalities
small intracerebral hemorrhage
vasospasm
11
Q

embolic stroke

A

associated w heart

caused by moving clot

12
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

rupture of intra-cerebral vessel

hypertension most common cause

13
Q

motor deficits of stroke

A

happen first
clumsiness
muscles affected

14
Q

cognitive deficits

A

memory loss
apraxia- can’t carry out learned activities
agnosia- impaired recognition of sensory function

15
Q

treatment of stroke

A

neuroprotection drugs
hypothermia
repercussion
thrombolytic drugs

16
Q

AD

A

atrophy in brain
gyri less prominent
fissure is wider
ventricles enlarge

17
Q

amyloid plaque

A

amyloid precursor protein

in AD, mutation causes cleavage by beta and gamma leads to generation of AB that accums into hard plaques

18
Q

AB generation

A

oxidation: free radicals
excitoxic: kill neuron
aggregation: phagocyte
inflamm

19
Q

neurofibrillary tangles

A

made up of Tau protein that hold together the microtubule

in AD, Tau is abnormal and microtubule falls apart

20
Q

risk factors for AD

A
65 or older
brain injury
down syndrome
mental toxicity 
female
family history
21
Q

medications for AD

A
dont cure but slow down progression
cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA receptor antagonist
anti-oxidants 
estrogen replacement