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Nursing 135 > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

What is Stress

A

Changes in your normal balanced stated, associated with changes in physical or social environment , universal phenomenon, real or imagined stressor, produces tension or distress, constructive or destructive

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2
Q

What is coping?

A

Process to manage situation that are perceived as stressful, can be successfully or unsuccessfully, crucial to maintain well-being

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3
Q

Adaptation

A

Outcome of coping, ability to survive and/or flourish in spite of stress, depend on coping processes - long term health

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4
Q

What are Stressors?

A

Any event or set of events that are perceived as challenging, threatening or demanding

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5
Q

True or False: Is Stress response natural, adaptive and protective?

A

True

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6
Q

Physical and emotional stressors trigger what?

A

Similar responses magnitude or pattern of reaction may differ

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7
Q

Are Stressors internal or external?

A

Both

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8
Q

Can stressors be destructive or Good?

A

Can be both destructive and Good

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9
Q

True or False: Are there individual responses to the same stressor

A

True

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10
Q

There are two types of physiologic stressors. What are they?

A

Physical and General

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11
Q

What are “specific” stressor?

A

Altered body function

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12
Q

What are general stressors?

A

Stress response

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13
Q

What are some examples of physiologic stressors?

A

Chemical agents, physical agents, infectious agents, nutritional imbalances, hypoxia, genetic or immune disorders, illness, pain fatigue

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14
Q

Are psychosocial stressors continuos or individualized?

A

Continuous and include individualized coping mechanism

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15
Q

What are examples of psychosocial stressors?

A

Stressful or traumatic experiences of family members and friends, horrors of history, fear of aggression or mutilation, rapid chances in the world

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16
Q

What are day to day Stressors?

A

Traffic, arguments, computer problems, ghost

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17
Q

What are considered life event stressors?

A

Erik son crisis, birth, marriage, death, permanent disability

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18
Q

Eustress

A

Positive stress activates stress pathways but includes such things as participationg in sports, going to a spa

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19
Q

What is stress dependent on?

A

Individual interpretation, life experiences/evens, age of the events, gender, culture beliefs, genetics, values

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20
Q

Negative feedback is what?

A

Inhibits or reverses changes

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21
Q

True or False: Do you have to have an intact Central Nervous System for homeostasis to occur?

A

True

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22
Q

What is the Homeostasis mechanism cycle?

A

Self-regulating, compensatory, several mechanisms, regulated by negative feedback

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23
Q

What is allostasis?

A

the process by which the body response to stressors in order to regain

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24
Q

What is allostatic load?

A

The priced the body pays for repeatedly activating the body stress response

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25
Q

How is Allostatic load?

A

Frequent exposure to stressors, , inability to adapt to repeated stressors, an inability to mount an adequate response or turn off the response

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26
Q

How is the cardiovascular system affected with allostasis?

A

Promotes adaptation by adjusting HR and BP to sleeping, waking , physical exertion

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27
Q

How is the cardiovascular system affected with allostatic load?

A

Repeated surges of increased BP due to job stress or the failure to shut off bp surges efficiently accelerates atherosclerosis

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28
Q

What systems are used for normal coping and adaptation ?

A

CNS, ANS, Endocrine system

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29
Q

What system allows individuals to respond to stressors differently?

A

The limbic system

30
Q

What does the parasympathetic system control?

A

Relaxation - promotes growth/healing

31
Q

What is the goal for the parasympathetic system ?

A

restores your body to a normal state

32
Q

What is a major transmitter for the parasympathetic system?

A

Acetylcholine

33
Q

Once the stress is resolved. What does the parasympathetic system begin doing?

A

Pupil constriction, watery secretions of salivary glands, decreased HR, constriction of the bronchioles, increased digestive function, increased insulin secretion promotion of the release of urine return.

34
Q

What does the Sympathetic system do for Stress?

A

Rapid response for preparation for intense physical activity in case of emergency

35
Q

What two major hormones are released from the sympathetic system?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

36
Q

What system releases hormones from one gland and travels through the bloodstream to another gland and trigger secondary gland to release certain hormones?

A

Endocrine system

37
Q

There are two types of stress response for Local Adaptation syndrome. What are they?

A

Reflex pain response and inflammatory response

38
Q

LAS

A

Local Adaptation Syndrome

39
Q

What are the 3 different General adaptation syndrome?

A

Alarm reaction
Stage Resistance
Stage Exhaustion

40
Q

Stage 1 Alarm Reaction

A

Alerts the body defenses against the stressor 1 min - 24 hours fight or flight

41
Q

Stage 2 Resistance

A

Body attempts to cope with the stressor adapts, if not adaptation fails

42
Q

Stage 3 Exahustaion

A

Adaptation has overcome the stressor, body rests and returns to normal or stress effects have spread to the whole body= Death

43
Q

Shock Phase

A

Hormone levels rise, body prepares to react

44
Q

Counter-Shock phases:

A

body returns to normal

45
Q

HPA

A

Hypothalamus-pituitary=adrenal gland

46
Q

Chronic Stress

A

Over expression of the stress mediators leads to cellular damage

47
Q

What are examples of chronic stress?

A

Depression, cardiac disease, HIV/AIDS, respiratory problems, infections, autoimmune and poor wound healing, and cancers

48
Q

What are some psychological homeostasis that need to be maintain?

A

love and belonging
safety and security
self-esteem

49
Q

Anxiety

A

Feeling of apprehension - anticipate danger - deal with the threat

50
Q

Mild Anxiety

A

Positive effect - motivational - facilitates problem solving - more alert. restlessness and sleep disturbance

51
Q

Moderate Anxiety

A

Narrow perceptions - focus on concerns muscle tension, “butterflies” increase pulse/resp

52
Q

Severe Anxiety

A

Detailed orientated - focus on getting relief. Distracted, decrease learning, interferes with life, fearful, headache nausea, tachycardia, hyperventilation

53
Q

Panic Anxiety

A

Experience dread - loss of control - unable to concentrate learn

54
Q

Unconscious management of stress?

A

Coping mechanisms

55
Q

How is coping mechanisms learned?

A

May be from past experiences, family expectations

56
Q

What are some examples of coping mechanisms?

A

Crying, laughing, sleeping, cursing, physical activity exercise, smoking, drinking, lack of eye contact, withdrawal, limiting relationships to those with similar values and interests

57
Q

What are task-oriented reaction to stress?

A

Attack behavior
withdrawal behavior
compromise behavior

58
Q

Compensation

A

The attempt to achieve respect or recognition in one activity as a substitute for inability to achieve in another endeavor

59
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to believe or accept something sit is but rather as one wishes it to be

60
Q

Displacement

A

Transferring emotion away from the person or situation that incited the emotions to an inappropriate person or object

61
Q

Introjection

A

Taking into one’s personality the characteristics of another

62
Q

Projection

A

Attributing ones own thoughts emotions, characteristics, or motives to another

63
Q

rationalization

A

Concealing the motive for behavior by going some socially acceptable reason for the action

64
Q

Regression

A

Return to behaviors more appropriate to an earlier Stage of development

65
Q

Repression

A

Immersing Something in the subconscious or unconscious level of thought

66
Q

Sublimation

A

Release of libido unsocially acceptable behavior rather than using it to obtain sexual gratification

67
Q

Suppression

A

Consciously dismissing something from the mind and thoughts

68
Q

Developmental stress

A

Occurs when person progresses through stages of growth and development

69
Q

Situation stress

A

Does not occur in predictable patterns, influenced by developmental levels

70
Q

Is Reflexive response for newborns whole body or part of the body?

A

Whole Body

71
Q

What subjective data would be used to assess someone who is stressed?

A

Physiologic stress, Psychologic stress, Environmental stress, sociocultural stress,

72
Q

What objective data would be used to assess someone who is stress?

A

Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system, Gastrointestinal system, musculoskeletal system integumentary system.

Nursing 135 (8 decks)

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