Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Spinal Cord Injury Deck (18)
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1
Q

General Stats

A

Incidence 25 025/ million

Average age 31.7

82% male

2
Q

Etiology

A

MVC 37%

Violence 27%

Falls 21%

Sports 7.1%

Other 8%

3
Q

Tetraplegia

A

Due to injury to cervical segments of spinal cord

Sensory +/- motor function in arms, trunk, legs

4
Q

Paraplegia

A

Due to injury to thoracic, lumbar, or sacral segments of spinal cord

Sensory +/- motor function in trunk, legs

Both loss of bowel, bladder, sexual function

5
Q

Functional Outcome C1-C4

A

Supported ventilation

Dependent for transfers, self-care

Environmental control

Power chair with tilt/recline for pressure and hypotension relief

6
Q

Functional Outcome C5

A

Elbow flexion plus orthoses can allow self-care and mobility

Feeding, oral-facial hygiene, table top communication

Other ADL dependent

Manual chiar indoors, power wheelchair

7
Q

Functional Outcome C6

A

Radial wrist extension

Tenodesis orthosis

Feed, facial hygiene, dressing

Sliding board transfers

Manual wheelchair

Driving adapted van

8
Q

Functional Outcome C7-C8

A

Triceps, finger extension, wrist flexion at C7

Improves transfers and mobility

Independent bed mobility, dressing facial hygiene, transfers

Finger flexion at C8

Total independence with wheelchair

Can drive car

9
Q

Thoracic

A

Total independence at wheelchair level

Below T1 hand function is normal

Intercostals and abdominals present the lower the lesion

May do some standing and walking with KAFOs or RGOs

10
Q

Lumbar

A

Independent at wheelchair level

Community ambulators have control of pelvis, hip flexors, 1 quadriceps, proprioception in hips and ankles, usually T12 or below

Require KAFOs, AFOs plus canes or crutches

11
Q

Spasticity

A

Common

Develops in first few months, initially flexor then extensor

Treat if interfering with function, positioning, transfers, sleep, or causes pain or deformity

Physical

Pharmacologic: oral, injected, intrathecal

12
Q

Heterotropic Ossification

A

Abnormal bone formation in soft tissues around hips, knees, shoulders, and elbows

Occurs in 16-53% of SCI patients, but only 18-37% have a significant ROM limitation

Usually occurs within 1st 6 months after injury, rare after 1 year

Treatment: ROM, drugs, surgery

13
Q

Autonomic Dyreflexia

A

Acute syndrome of massive sympathetic discharge, occurs as a result of noxious stimuli, with spinal cord lesions above T6

Hypertension, headache, sweating, nasal congestion, flushing, reflex bradycardia

Occurs in 48-83% of tetraplegic and high paraplegic patients

Treatment: sit up, remove noxious stimulus, drugs

14
Q

Syringomyelia

A

Post-traumatic cystic myelopathy

Occurs in 0.3-3.2%, as early as 2 months

Pain and numbness, weakness, cranial nerve findings

Treatment: surgical

15
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Occurs below the level of the injury

Spine relatively spared

At risk for fractures

No good treatment

16
Q

Pain

A

Common

Peripheral nerve pain

Central spinal cord pain

Visceral pain

Muscle and mechanical pain

Psychogenic pain

17
Q

Tendon Transfers

A

Can be useful for C5 and C6 levels

Allow wrist flexion and elbow extension

18
Q

FNS

A

Implantable neuroprostheses

Walker systems