Sociology Exam 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Sociology Exam 1 Deck (42)
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0
Q

Sociological imagination

A

The application of imaginative thought to the asking and answering of sociological questions. “thinks himself away” from daily life

1
Q

Social perspective

A

Understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context

2
Q

Social structure

A

underlying regularities or patterns in how people behave in their relationship with others

3
Q

Social structure

A

Framework of societal institutions and social practices that make up a society and organize and limit people’s behavior

5
Q

Values

A

ideas held by individuals or groups about what is desirable , proper, good or bad

6
Q

Socialization

A

social process through which children develop an awareness of social norms and values and achieve a distinct sense of self

7
Q

Social order

A

How people behave in society. What is classified as what is right and what is wrong in society. It is basically needed for society to function properly.

8
Q

Comte

A

The Father of Sociology; coined the term “sociology”; argued that reliance on superstition and speculation was inadequate in understanding society. Founder of positivism.

9
Q

Norms

A

Unwritten rules of society to guide behavior

10
Q

Beliefs

A

Are the ideas, viewpoints and attitudes of the particular group of society. They are consists of fables, proverbs, myths, folklore ,traditions, superstition, education and etc. that influence the ideas, values, emotions, perceptions and attitude of the members of the society.

11
Q

Values

A

A standard by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly

12
Q

Socialization

A

The lifelong process through which people learn the attitudes, values and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture

13
Q

Industrial revolution

A

Brought about Sociology in the 19th century; Scientists began applying the scientific method to real world problems

14
Q

Comte

A

The Father of Sociology; coined the term “sociology”; argued that reliance on superstition and speculation was inadequate in understanding society. Founder of positivism. ‘Law of three phases’. It is by his statement of this law that he is best known in the English-speaking world; namely, that society has gone through three phases: Theological, Metaphysical, and Scientific. He also gave the name “Positive” to the last of these because of the polysemous connotations of the word.

15
Q

Culture

A

the values, norms and material goods characteristic of a given group

16
Q

Durkheim

A

Pioneered the systematic application of scientific principles to sociology; first to use statistical methods to test hypotheses; Studied suicide. Division of labor…Social facts…Religion and categories of thought.

17
Q

Marx

A

“Modern Conflict Theory”-separation/tensions in society that propel flow of history

  1. Model of the Social System
  2. Theory of Revolution (social change)
18
Q

Weber

A

Made methodological and theoretical contributions to the discipline. Study of rationality.

19
Q

Subcultures

A

values and norms distinct from those of the majority held by a group within a wider society

20
Q

Mead

A

Founder of the symbolic interventionism theory. The ongoing use of language and gestures in anticipation of how the other will react; a conversation. The looking glass self.

21
Q

Anomie

A

Merton’s Anomie Theory. Normlessness - may arise when there is inconsistency between the cultural goals and the means of achieving them. A social condition in which norms are absent, weak, or in conflict.

22
Q

Peer groups

A

friendship group composed of individuals of similar age or social status

23
Q

Anomie

A

Merton’s Anomie Theory. Normlessness - may arise when there is inconsistency between the cultural goals and the means of achieving them. A social condition in which norms are absent, weak, or in conflict.

24
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

The dynamic exchange of symbol in interaction (society is made “real” through symbols, symbols emerge through interaction)

25
Q

Culture

A

The ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people’s way of life.

26
Q

Impression management

A

preparing for the presentation of once’s social role

27
Q

Material goods

A

The physical objects that a society creates; these influence the ways in which people live.

28
Q

Sociology

A

Systematic study of human society

29
Q

Nature / Nurture

A

Relative importance of biological inheritance and environmental factors in human development

30
Q

Subcultures

A

Group of people who share the same norms and values, they have a distinct identity, often distorted, often reject mainstream society

31
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The practice of judging another’s culture based on the standards of your own

32
Q

Cultural relativism

A

The principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluating according to one’s own culture

33
Q

Peer groups

A

(Agent of socialization) is a group of people who are linked by common interest, equal social position, and (usually) similar age

34
Q

Social roles

A

Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status.

35
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

Communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech.

36
Q

Status

A

The social positions a person holds

37
Q

Impression management

A

Presentation of Self-you purposefully portray yourself a certain way by adopting an identity/providing identities for others, thereby influencing the outcome of a situation.

38
Q

In-groups

A

A social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty

39
Q

Out-groups

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A social group toward which a person feels like a sense of competition or opposition

40
Q

Reference groups

A

A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions

41
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority & a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions & written rules, communications, & records

42
Q

Society

A

A group of people who live in a particular territory, are subject to a common system of political authority and are aware of having a distinct identity from other groups.