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MCAT Psych/Sociology > Social Structure > Flashcards

Social Structure Flashcards

1
Q

emile durkheim and functionalism

A

view that sees society as a living organism with many different parts with a distinct purpose

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2
Q

emile durkheim and dynamic equilibrium

A

complex interdependent parts work together to maintain stabillity

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3
Q

functionalist framework’s manifest and latent functions

A

manifest are intended, latent are unintended

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4
Q

karl marx and conflict theory

ludwig gumplowicz and max weber

A

views society as a competition for limited resources
ludwig gumplowicz thought society was shaped by war and conquest
max weber agreed on capital inequality but agreed there were other factors as well

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5
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

sees society as a buildup of everyday typical interactions

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6
Q

rational choice theory

A

argues that we make choices based on greatest reward smallest cost

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7
Q

related social exchange theory

A

we assign different values to different actions and prefer actions with greatest personal benefit

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8
Q

methodological individualism

A

all social realities are a result of individual actions and interactions

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9
Q

polygyny vs polyandry

A

man married to multiple woman vs woman married to multiple men

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10
Q

endogamy vs exogamy

A

marrying in group vs outside of group

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11
Q

kinship

A

cultural group, not necessarily family

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12
Q

egalitarian family

A

spouses are treated as equals

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13
Q

educational stratification

A

how different school districts, parent involvement etc can affect children’s educational achievement differences

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14
Q

ecclesia

A

dominant religious organization includes most of society and is official language

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15
Q

church

A

religion well integrated into larger society

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16
Q

sect

A

religious organization distinct from larger society

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17
Q

cult

A

religious organization far outside society’s norms

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18
Q

secularization

A

process through which religion loses its social significance in society

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19
Q

fundamentalism

A

strong attachment to traditional religious beliefs

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20
Q

religiosity and fundamentalists

A

extent to which religion influences person’s life, extreme versions of this are fundamentalists

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21
Q

rational legal authority, traditional authority, charismatic authority

A

USA
legal rules stipulated in document
power due to custom, tradition
power of persuasion

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22
Q

aristarchic, meritocracy, autocratic, monarchic

A

controlled by small group based on specific qualifications
power given to those with skills
controlled by single person with absolute power
ruled by someone who inherited role

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23
Q

authoritarian, totalitarian, democratic, oligarchic

A

authoritarian: unelected leaders
totalitarian: unelected regulates public and private life
democratic: elected leaders
oligarchic: small group w shared interest, elected or unelected

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24
Q

republican government, federalist, parliamentary, presidential

A

people have supreme power, governing representative head shares power with constituent groups, have executive and legislative branches, organized branches including president

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25
Q

command, market, mixed, traditional economies

A

means of production are public (socialism), economy based on market, blend of command and market, social customs in economic decisions

26
Q

communism

A

type of socialism with absence of currencies, classes, states

27
Q

welfare vs state capitalism

A

private economy with extensive social welfare programs

companies privately run but work with government in forming laws

28
Q

mechanical vs organic solidarity

A

mechanical: allows society to remain integrated because individuals have common belief and same experience - share collective conscience
organic: integrates through division of labor, each person has different experience

29
Q

medicalization

A

process by which condition becomes diagnosis w treatment

30
Q

social vs medical model of disease

A

social emphasizes social class, employment

medical emphasizes physical cause of illness

31
Q

social epidemiology

A

studies how social organization contributes to disease

32
Q

sick role

A

others will take up work they did and sick person must fulfill role to try and get better

33
Q

symbolic culture

A

consists of symbols that are recognized by people of same culture
non tangible culture (norms, beliefs, ideas)

34
Q

sapir-whorf hypothesis

A

people understand their world through language and that language shapes how they experience world

35
Q

material vs non material culture

A

involves physical objects vs thoughts and ideas

36
Q

values vs beliefs vs norms

A

cultures standard for evaluating what is good or bad
convictions that people hold
visible and invisible rules of social conduct

37
Q

sociobiology

A

biologic basis for behavior

38
Q

cultural diffusion vs cultural transmission

A

transfer of elements of culture from on group to another

information is spread across generations

39
Q

reverse culture shock

A

individual returns to initial environment, overwhelmed by social environment

40
Q

population pyramids

A

help predict population trends and determine the social needs for dependents

41
Q

crude birth and death rate

A

annual number of births and deaths per 1000 people

42
Q

general fertility rate vs total fertility rate

A

annual number of births per 1000 women

number of births per single woman in population

43
Q

population lag effect, population momentum

A

change in total fertility rates are often not reflected in birth rate for several generations, leading to population momentum, when those children produced during that reproduce

44
Q

mortality vs morbidity

A

death rate vs nature and treatment of disease in population

45
Q

prevalence vs incidence rate

A

number of people experiencing a disease and number of new cases of a disease

46
Q

case fatality rate

A

deaths as a result of a set diagnosis

47
Q

external vs internal migration

A

leaving country vs another region of same country

48
Q

push factor

A

things that are unattractive about an area that push people to leave

49
Q

urban sprawl and urban blight

A

migration to urban areas

less functioning areas of large cities degrade as a result of urban decline

50
Q

demographic transition

A

transition from higher to lower birth rates and death rates as country develops

51
Q

thomas rober malthus and malthusianism, positive and preventative checks

A

possible rate of population increase exceeds the possible rate of resource increase
positive check raises death rate, preventative checks lower birth rate

52
Q

malthusian catastrophe

neo malthusianism

A

resources cannot support population

movement based on these principles that advocate for population control

53
Q

the great migration

A

domestic reverse migration

black migration back to urban South

54
Q

racialization

A

social process where dominant group ascribes racial identities that do not relate to labels

55
Q

heterosexism

A

homophobic

56
Q

immigration during 17th, 19th, 20th, late 20th

A

17-18: english colonists/indentured servants
19: migrants from northern europe
20: from southern and eastern europe
late 20th: asia and latin america

57
Q

intergenerational mobility

A

change in social class between parents and children in family

58
Q

intragenerational mobility

A

difference in social class between different members of same generation

59
Q

class and false consciousness

A 
being aware of social class
not recognizing state of class relations
60
Q

social reproduction

A

structures that reinforce social inequality

61
Q

power vs prestige

A

ability to get other people to do something

reputation in society

62
Q

global stratification

A

compares wealth of various countries

MCAT Psych/Sociology (5 decks)

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