Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

The psychology of how people think, feel, and behave in social environments (emphasis on groups)

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2
Q

Conformity

A

Matching one’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to societal or group norms (also called majority influence)

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3
Q

Normative conformity/influence

A

Conforming to avoid rejection from a group, or to gain approval from the group

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4
Q

Informative conformity/influence

A

Looking for guidance when you don’t know what to do and assuming that the group is correct

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5
Q

Compliance

A

Changing behavior, attitudes, or beliefs based on a direct request; usually for a reward of avoiding a punishment

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6
Q

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

A

Asking of small favors to lead up to much bigger requests

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7
Q

Door-in-the-Face Technique

A

Asking of a large request first so a second, smaller request can be asked and more likely accepted

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8
Q

Lowball Technique

A

The requestor asks for an initial commitment in a favor, but then raises the cost of the commitment

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9
Q

Private conformity

A

Actually changing your behaviors to conform

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10
Q

Public conformity

A

Outwardly changing your behaviors but privately still sticking to your core beliefs

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11
Q

Michelangelo Phenomenon

A

The concept of the self is made up from the intrapersonal self and the interpersonal self (what other people think of the person)

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12
Q

Group Polarization

A

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual inclinations of the members within the group; is also called choice shift

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13
Q

Groupthink

A

Maintaining harmony in the group is more important than carefully analyzing the problem; consensus is reached without discussion of alternatives

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14
Q

Group Confirmation Bias

A

Confirmation bias in a group – groups tend to seek information that supports the majority view

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15
Q

Obedience

A

How we obey authority

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16
Q

Social Anomie

A

The breakdown of social bonds between an individual and the community

17
Q

Identification

A

A pattern of behaviors that are intended to show respect for a figure

18
Q

Internalization

A

The idea/belief/behavior has been integrated into our core values; private conformity
In terms of role play, we internalize our role and let it affect our behavior

19
Q

Asch Conformity Study

A

3 lines and a target line; when confederates gave the wrong answer, 75% of subjects conformed. It’s an example of normative social influence

20
Q

Perceptual error

A

An error in judging reality as it is

21
Q

Milgram Study on Obedience

A

The one with the shocks – 65% administered the full shock and conformed (4 prompts for continuation); compliance with authority even if it goes against their moral values

22
Q

Just World Phenomenon

A

The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

23
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Individuals will view their own success as being based on internal factors, while viewing failures and mistakes as being based on external factors

24
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

We tend to believe that flaws and mistakes in others are due to internal factors (inherent personality flaws) than external factors

25
Q

Zimbardo Prison Study

A

Stanford Prison Experiment; actors got so caught up in their roles that they had to end the experiment early. It shows how internalization works

26
Q

Deindividuation

A

The crowd/group conceals a person’s identity, so group members are more likely to act inappropriately in a manner that the group is acting in

27
Q

Factors that affect conformity

A
Group size (3-5)
Unanimity
Group status
Group Cohesion
Observed behavior
Public Response
Prior commitments (did we agree with the group on a previous point?)
Feelings of insecurity
28
Q

Factors that affect Obedience

A

Type of Authority
Closeness to authority
Legitimacy of Authority
Proximity to authority
Victim distance
Depersonalization (victim made to look less human)
Role Models for Defiance (if others defy, we will too)

29
Q

Bystander Effect

A

People in a group will feel less likely to help; amplified by the amount of people in the book

30
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

In a larger group, an individual feels a smaller share of responsibility

31
Q

Dominant Response

A

The response that is most likely to occur in the event of a stimulus

32
Q

Social Facilitation

A

In the presence of others, our dominant response will occur (if we’re usually good, then we will perform well in the presence of others)

33
Q

Social Loafing

A

Each individual in a group will put forth less effort than if they were alone; the group ends up performing poorly

34
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

We tend to change our behaviors when we know that we are being observed or monitored

35
Q

Yerke’s Dodson Law of Social Facilitation

A

Arousal is raised in the presence of others; we therefore perform better on simple tasks (familiar) and are hindered at performing complex tasks (unfamiliar)

36
Q

Peer Pressure

A

The social influence on an individual by a group or another individual

37
Q

Identity Shift Effect

A

In the threat of social rejection, a person will conform to the norms of the group. This results in cognitive dissonance, so the individual shifts their identity to adopt the standards of the group