Social Psychology 3 - Implicit Social Perception Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Social Psychology 3 - Implicit Social Perception Deck (31)
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1
Q

Are schemas/categories stable or easily influenced?

A

Stable and resistant to change

2
Q

Disconfirming evidence is likely to change a stereotype

True or false

A

False

3
Q

When is a schema most likely to change?

A

When it is ceasing to be functional and adaptive.

4
Q

What are Weber & Crocker’s (1985 - 3 models of schema change?

A
5
Q

What is the book-keeping model of schema change?

A

People fine-tune schema with each piece of discrepant information.

6
Q

Describe the conversion model for schema change

A

Schemas resist small changes but can change dramatically in the face of many contradictions.

7
Q

Describe the subtyping model for schema change

A

Subcategories develop in response to exceptions. By isolating disconfirming instances, the stereotype remains largely intact.

8
Q

Which model of schema change has the most empiracle support?

A

Subtyping Model

9
Q

Give an example of “subtyping” from the subtyping model of a man who doesn’t conform to a stereotype held about men.

A

“Hes not a typical man because of his e.g. upbringing, weight, interests, home country”

10
Q

What did Hewstone, Hopkins and Routh’s (1992) police-schools liaison program show about categories?

A

Concentrated exposure and contact with officers did little to change students’ stereotypes of police.

The liaison officers were evaluated more positively than regular police and judged as “good police” - they were put into a “subgroup” and were seen as not consistent with police officers more generally.

They were seen as exception to the rule

11
Q

Why are stereotypes hard to change?

A

Because once they become entrenched disconfirming evidence is seen as ‘exceptions to the rule’ and won’t necessarily break the stereotype.

12
Q

What does “implicit social perception” mean

A

Our social perception is “mindless” meaning that it occurs outside of conscious awareness.

Unintentional, uncontrollable, occurs spontaneously, constitutes a large part of our everyday thinking

13
Q

The default option (fast option) we use in our social perception uses…

A

Heuristics and stereotypic expectancies

Were not conscious of our opinions generally, we just accept them

14
Q

John Bargh states that “mindless stereotypic thinking is _____”

A

Inevitable

We are…

  • ‘cognitive monster of stereotyping’*
  • ‘The unbearable being of automaticity’*
15
Q

According to Wegner and Bargh, what types of information has ‘privileged access to the mind’ and which we are attunted to at an unconscious level (that we care most about). 4 things

A
  1. Information about the self
  2. Attitudes and values that are important to us - define who we are
  3. Negatively valued social behaviour
  4. Social category information (stereotypes/social groups)
16
Q

In category activation, do we only take the relevent part of the category out for use or do we experience more?

A

The knowledge and content stored in LTM associated with the category is also activated.

17
Q

What did Neely (1991) find in her semantic priming experiments?

A

If you prime a category before an experiment, then it activates and makes more acessible words and traits associated with category

e.g. woman: easier to think of words like feminine, soft, maternal, caring.

18
Q

Dovido, Evans and Tyler (1986) experiment on primary category labels found that….

A

priming a category (black vs white) was followed by a series of stereotypic vs non-stereotypic personality traits (musical for black, ambitious for white)

19
Q

When does automatic (implicit) processing occur?

A

Occurs in the absense of explicit attention being drawn to the primers

20
Q

What do experimenters need to do to test for automatic (implicit) processing?

A
21
Q

What did Devine (1989) find in her experiment regarding prejudice about unconscious cognitive stereotyping?

A

That both high and low prejudice people had negative stereotypes of African Americans automatically activated in unconscious processing

22
Q

What did Devine (1989) find regarding low and high prejudice people’s beliefs during conscious processing?

A

Low prejudice people inhibited the stereotype they held and replaced it with egalitarian beliefs and norms.

High prejudice participants did not inhibit the stereotype because it was consistent with their stereotypes

23
Q

Are stereotypes and prejudice the same thing? Why / why not?

A

No

Stereotypes are activated unconsciously in all people

Prejudice is a conscious process

24
Q

What did Locke, Macleod and Walker (1994) find that contradicted Devine’s unconscious negative stereotyping experiment?

What were their conclusions?

A

Only high prejudice Ss automatically activated a negative stereotype, low prejudice participants did not.

Conclusions: prejudice levels (attitudes) determined whether or not stereotyping was automatically activated.

25
Q

What does Locke, Macleod and Walker’s studies suggest about high prejudice and low prejudice people regarding their automatic and controlled levels of processing?

A

That high and low prejudice people are distinguishable at both the automatic and controlled levels of processing.

26
Q

Can people inhibit stereotypes if they are aware of the stereotypic primes? (Blair and Banaji, 1996)

A

Yes

If you introduce motivational goals (please try to limit stereotyping) they can at the unconscious level)

27
Q

How did Bargh, Chen and Burrows (1996) show the behavioural effects of category priming?

A

Participants who were given words containing elderly stereotypes walked more slowly down the hall when compared to those who didn’t.

28
Q

What is meant by the behavioural effects of category priming?

A

That by priming someone with a category it can influence how they act afterwards.

e.g. those presented with elderly words would walk slower afterwards than those who weren’t.

29
Q

Bargh concludes that we are all subject to implicit stereotyping in eveyday life.

What is the insidious consequence of implicit stereoptyping?

A

Automatic behavioural confirmation effect

30
Q

What is the automatic behavioural confirmation effect?

A

Your unconscious biases will influence your behaviour, which will then lead you to act in certain ways which will reinforce the behaviour.

e.g. black guy comes up to you at night, you get scared, he sees this and gets defensive “why are you treating me like this?!”, negative response reinforces your behaviour

31
Q

What are 3 criticisms of automaticity research

A