Social Developments, 1855-94 Flashcards Preview

Tsarist and Communist Russia > Social Developments, 1855-94 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Social Developments, 1855-94 Deck (7)
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1
Q

How did industrialization help social developments?

A

New middle class and urban working class emerged

2
Q

Who were the Landed Elite?

A

Small group - nobles. After emancipation used money to pay off debts. Became professors, businessmen and some in zemstva. Retained former wealth and status.

3
Q

Who were the Middle Class?

A

From an increase in education opportunities. Bankers, teachers, doctors and administrators in greater demand. Opportunities for enterprise eg contracts for railways.

4
Q

Who were the Urban Working Class?

A

Quite small. Accompanied growth of industry. Some peasants left rural areas to become workers. Poor conditions and they were paid little. Strikes between 1886-1894.

5
Q

What reforms were made to improve the lives of the Urban Working Class?

A

1882-90: Regulation of child labour, reduction in working hours and factory inspectors

6
Q

Who were the Peasantry?

A

Divided in hierachy. Kulaks - bought up land, were rich farmers. Poorest peasants found life getting harder. Large proportion turned down as unfit for military service. Living conditions did not improve

7
Q

What was the influence of the Orthodox Church?

A

Close bond with the Tsarist regime. Tsar possessed a Divine Right and was a saint. Had control over the peasantry as they were superstitious. Control of primary education. Censorship controls