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Flashcards in Slide set 3 Deck (16)
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1
Q

Gap junction

A

direct cytoplasmic transfer between adjacent walls

  • forms from the union of membrane- spanning proteins called connexins
  • large molecules cannot pass through
2
Q

Contact-dependent

A

surface to surface

  • includes cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs)
  • autocrine and paracrine
3
Q

endocrine

A

long distance in the bloodstream

4
Q

chemicals that diffuse

A

through extracellular fluid to act on cells close by

5
Q

connexins

A

(in gap junctions) membrane-spanning proteins

6
Q

Cytokines

A

are synthesized by all nucleated cells ( not glands or specialized cells) but act like hormones, controlling cell development, differentiation and immune responses
-made on demand

7
Q

GPCR: adenylyl cyclase-cAMP pathway

A

AC converts ATP to cAMP

cAMP activates protein kinase A, which phosphorylates other molecules and elects a response

8
Q

GPCR: the Phospholipase C system

A

PL-C converts membrane phospholipids into DAG and IP3, which goes into cytoplasm and causes Ca2+ release. DAG activates protein kinase C

9
Q

what initiates the fastest response?

A

Recptor -Channel ( ions move in or out of cell)

10
Q

Agonist vs Antagonist?

A

Agonist also activates the receptor, antagonist blocks activity

11
Q

microfilaments

A

smallest cell fibres are microfilaments, they are thin, twisted strands of protein molecules that lie parallel to the long axis of the cell, they slide past each other causing shortening in muscle contraction –> in muscle cells–> actin and myosin are microfilaments!

12
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

these are thicker that microfilaments- they form more of a supporting network ( for example a protective outer layer of skin)

13
Q

microtubules

A

thickest of cell fibers and they are hollow

there function is to move things around the cell

14
Q

microvilli are formed from which cytoskeleton fibre?

A

microfilaments

15
Q

cilia and flagella are formed by what cytoskeleton fibre?

A

microtubules ( think that they are bigger than microvilli)

16
Q

gap junctions important protein

A

connexin