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Flashcards in Sleep/Rest Objectives Deck (55)
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1
Q

The nurse is preparing to teach a client about the important of rest and sleep. Which statement made by the client would indicate the need for further teaching?

The client verbalizes that circadian rhythms do indeed influence sleep.

The client suggests that their Reticular Activating System is responsible for maintaining restfulness.

The client verbalizes that they may be less likely to develop an infection if they sleep less than 5 hours per day.

The client suggests they it may be easier to gain weight if they do not get enough regular sleep.

A

ANSWER: C
When adequate sleep is not maintained the bodies ability to maintain glucose is lessened, therefore responds with insulin resistance. This leads to reduced energy expenditure, all of which can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes.

All of the other options suggest adequate information.

2
Q

Reticular Activating System (RAS) are _____ . System includes which part of brain _________ and is responsible for

A

collection of nerve cell bodies within the brainstem,

medulaponsmidbrainhypothalamus

maintaining wakefulness

3
Q

Bulbar Synchronizing Region (BSR)

release ___________. These are can cause either _______ or inhibition.

A

neurotransmitters

excitation

4
Q

Which neurotransmitters

does BSR release?

A
Excitation 
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Histamine

Inhibition
GABA

5
Q

What is a biorhythm based on the day–night pattern in a 24-hour cycle

A

circadian rhythm

6
Q

Circadium rhythm is regulated by_____ that respond to

A

cells in hypothalamus

respond to light

7
Q

is generally the restful phase of sleep in which physiological function is slow.

A

NREM

8
Q

During this phase of sleep, muscles relax; body temperature lowers; and heart rate, respirations, and blood pressure decrease.

A

NREM

9
Q

The type of sleep is sleep is essential for mental and emotional restoration

A

REM

10
Q

this gland secretes melatonin

A

pineal gland

11
Q

REM sleep recurs about every ___ min and lasts ___ to ___ min

A

90

5-30

12
Q

Which stage constitutes 75 - 80% of sleep

A

NREM

13
Q

What stage of NREM is

A

This stage composes about 10% of sleep
(10% of 8 hours = 48 minutes total)
Person reaches greatest depth of sleep – Delta Sleep
Arousal is very difficult
Pulse/RR drops 20 -30% below waking hours rates.
B/P decreases
Metabolism and body temp decreases
If people are awakened during this stage, they do not adjust immediately, feel groggy & disoriented.
Children experience – bedwetting or sleep walking (somnambulism).

14
Q

What stage sees

Eyes dart back/forth
Twitching of small muscles (face)
Immobile large muscles
Respirations irregular/apnea
Pulse rapid/irregular
B/P increases or fluctuates
Metabolism and body temp increase
Gastric secretions increase
A

REM

15
Q

The nurse is performing parent teaching to the parent of a client recently diagnosed with somnambulism. The nurse knows that teaching has occurred when the parent verbalizes the following: Select all that apply.

A complete sleep cycle is 90-100 minutes.

It may be harder for my child to wake up when she is in stage 4 of sleep.

Muscles in the face are likely to twitch during REM sleep.

If my child were to sleepwalk, it will most likely occur during NREM sleep stage 3.

A

ALL
complete sleep cycle is 90-100 minutes.

It may be harder for my child to wake up when she is in stage 4 of sleep.

Muscles in the face are likely to twitch during REM sleep.

If my child were to sleepwalk, it will most likely occur during NREM sleep stage 3.

16
Q

Age where
Sleep pattern- sleep through the night by 6 months
10-12 hours night/ 2-3 daytime naps

A

Infants

17
Q

Age where

Sleep patterns -12 hours per night decreasing to 8-10 as they reach preschool age

A

Toddler

18
Q

True or False:Although sleep may become more difficult, the need to sleep does not change with age

A

True

19
Q

Seen in older patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Not a sleep disorder directly, it refers to a pattern of symptoms; e.g., agitation, anxiety, aggression, and sometimes delusions
Occurs in the late afternoon
Can last through the night, further disrupting sleep

A

Sundowning Syndrome

20
Q

More spontaneous awakenings occur during this stage than any other.

A

REM

21
Q

Loss of _______sleep impairs memory and learning

A

REM

22
Q

What is REM rebound

A

When A person who is deprived of REM sleep for several nights —that is, spend a greater amount of time in REM sleep on successive nights, keeping the total amount of REM sleep constant over time.

23
Q

what natural hormone declines in latter decades of life

A

melatonin

24
Q

Two groups of sleep disorders

A

Dyssomnias and Parasomnias

25
Q

Disorders including: insomnia, sleep–wake schedule (circadian) disorders, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, hypersomnia, and narcolepsy.

A

Dyssomnias

26
Q

what is parasomnia

A

Patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep (sleepwalking)

27
Q

What is the predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity, associated with the inability to fall asleep, remain asleep, or go back to sleep.

A

Insomnia

28
Q

Etiologies of Insomnia

A

medsor inadequate sleep hygiene (e.g., watching TV in bed, sleeping with smartphone nearby, drinking caffeine-containing beverages before bedtime).

29
Q

a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by an uncontrollable movement of the legs while resting or before sleep onset.

A

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

30
Q

unpleasant creeping, crawling, itching, tingling or burning sensations in the legs is relieved only by moving and stretching, which prevents the person from relaxing and falling asleep.

A

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

31
Q

People with RLS should avoid

A

stimulants (e.g., caffeine)

32
Q

not actually a sleep disorder but rather, in NANDA-I terms, a human response to prolonged sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia and parasomnias), involving NREM or REM deprivation, or both.

A

Sleep Deprivation

33
Q

Illness and hospital care are common causes of

A

Sleep Deprivation

34
Q

excessive sleeping, especially in the daytime.

A

Hypersomnia

35
Q

Common causes of hypersomnia

A

sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and snoring; disorders of the central nervous system, kidney, or liver; and metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetic acidosis and hypothyroidism). Hypersomnia can also be a symptom of depression.

36
Q

a periodic interruption in breathing during sleep

A

Sleep apnea

37
Q

Sleep disorder that may result in cardiac dysrhythmias (irregularities) and increases in pulse and blood pressure. Many people with sleep apnea complain of unrefreshed sleep, fatigue and morning headache, and easily falling asleep during sedentary activity;

A

Sleep apnea

38
Q

diagnosed clinically by reports of at least five witnessed breathing interruptions or awakenings due to gasping or choking events per hour

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea OSA

39
Q

treatment for OSA

A

surgery to remove obstruction within the airway.

Other treatments include the following:
Applying continuous positive airway pressure or bilevel positive airway pressure treatment. This is a device that delivers oxygen using forced air pressure and keeps the airways open.
Oral appliance therapy to pull the tongue forward or adjust the space in the pharyngeal space.
Advising the patient to avoid alcohol and smoking and lose excess weight

40
Q

What is happening:the soft tissue of the pharynx and soft palate or other structures in the throat area (deviated nasal septum, enlarged tonsils) collapse and obstruct the airway during sleep, but the person continues to try to breathe

A

OSA

41
Q

a chronic disorder caused by the brain’s inability to regulate sleep–wake cycles normally. The distinction between being asleep and being awake are blurred.

A

Narcolepsy

42
Q

may be caused by rapid time-zone changes (jet lag), shift work, or a change in total sleep time from day to day.

A

Sleep–Wake Schedule (Circadian) Disorders

43
Q

occur when a disease causes alterations in sleep stages or in quantity and quality of sleep.

A

Secondary Sleep Disorders

44
Q

Common secondary sleep disorders

A

Depression

Hyperthyroidism - Increase in metabolic rate - can’t fall asleep

Hypothyroidism - Decrease in REM sleep

Pain

45
Q

Risk factors for sleep apnea

A

Weight
–Neck size
–Being male

46
Q

– Lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep

A

Sleep apnea

47
Q

causes of sleep apnea

A
Changes in airway during sleep
Overweight/obesity 
Shape of head and neck
Aging process
Air flow, oxygen levels
48
Q

one of the most common sleep studies performed in a sleep lab, records brain wave activity, eye movement, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, vital signs, and body movements during the sleep phases. EEG, EMG and EOG

A

Polysomnography

49
Q

Diagnosis: Use for patients who have a disruption in the amount of quality of sleep to the extent that it impairs functioning.

A

Insomnia

50
Q

Diagnosis: Use as the nursing diagnosis when the patient’s amount, consistency, or quality of sleep is decreased over prolonged periods of time.

A

Sleep Deprivation

51
Q

Diagnosis: Use as the diagnosis when assessment data point to a time-limited sleep problem due to external factors (e.g., inability to sleep in the unfamiliar hospital environment).

A

Disturbed Sleep Pattern

52
Q

Use this diagnosis when a client without a sleep disorder desires improved quality or duration of sleep.

A

Readiness for Enhanced Sleep

53
Q

a term referring to interventions used to promote sleep.

A

Sleep hygiene

54
Q

These medicines have a short half-life; they are eliminated from the body quickly and do not cause daytime sleepiness. Examples are

A

Nonbenzodiazepines

zolpidem tartrate (Ambian) and zaleplon (sonata)

55
Q

is the first-line treatment for insomnia.

A
Benzodiazepines 
class of: sedative/hypnotics