Flashcards in Shock PP 1-19 Deck (58)
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31
In the _______ stage, Cellular and organ dysfunction result from oxygen-free _____, release of inflammatory _____, and activation of the _____ cascade
progressive; radicals; cytokines; clotting
32
In shock, ______ and _______ are increased
HR and RR
33
In shock, there is decrease in _____ output and increase in specific _____
urine; gravity
34
In shock, there is release of ______ and _____
aldosterone and cortisol
35
In shock, there is constriction of _____ vessels, causing ____
splanchnic; nausea/abdominal pain
36
In shock, there is ______ and decreased pulse pressure
hypotension
37
In shock there is decreased _____ refill and ______ color
capillary; cool/clammy/blue-gray
38
_____ pupils, release of _____, and _____ signs of shock
dilated; ADH, thirst/restlessness
39
Usually result of severe ventricular dysfunction associated with MI
Cardiogenic shock
40
Features of cardiogenic shock include decreased _____, ______ edema, ______ heart sounds, and _____ pulse pressure
CO, pulmonary, S3, narrow
41
Features of cardiogenic shock include elevated ____
preload
42
In cardiogenic shock, low _____ leads to low _____
CO; SVO2
43
In _______ shock, therapy aimed at improving ____ and myocardial oxygen delivery, decreasing workload
cardiogenic; CO
44
Inotropic, preload reducing, and afterload reducing agents used to treat ______ shock
cardiogenic
45
Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation, ventricular assist devices, heart transplantation used to treat ______ shock
cardiogenic
46
Results from mechanical obstructions that prevent effective cardiac filling and stroke volume
obstructive shock
47
Common causes of obstructive shock include (3)
pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax
48
Obstructive shock manifests as ____-sided heart failure
right
49
Rapid management of underlying obstruction is required to prevent cardiovascular collapse in _____ shock
obstructive
50
Results from inadequate circulation blood volume precipitated by hemorrhage, burns, dehydration, or leakage of fluid into interstitial spaces
Hypovolemic shock
51
Most common cause of hypovolemic shock
External hemorrhage
52
In _______ shock, low CO and preload lead to SNS activation = elevated _____, _______, and increased ______
Hypovolemic; HR, vasoconstriction, contractility
53
What are the 4 classes of hypovolemic shock?
Four classes: I (15% loss), II (15% to 30%), III (30% to 40%), IV (>40%)
54
Therapy is aimed at fluid replacement and controlling the source of volume loss
Hypovolemic shock
55
Name 3 things used for therapy regarding hypovolemic shock?
Crystalloids, colloids, blood products
56
Characterized by excessive vasodilation and peripheral pooling of blood
Distributive shock
57
CO inadequate due to reduced preload
Distributive shock
58
