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Flashcards in Sex And Behaviour Deck (27)
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1
Q

what defines parental investment

A

use of resources by a parent to benefit future or exsiting offspring

2
Q

what are the benefits of parental investment

A

increased number of offspring with higher chance of survival, increased evolutionary fitness of parent

3
Q

what are the selection pressures for gametes

A

large eggs(more energy supply), fast sperm

4
Q

describe the paradox of quantity Vs quality in male and female gamete production

A

males = quantity/ quality, large amount of sperm produced, females = quality/ quantity, fewer eggs over a limited period

5
Q

describe a sessile organism

A

a very slow moving or fixed organism

6
Q

state the three solutions to sessile organisms reproducing

A

self fertilization, synchronized release of gametes, using animal carriers

7
Q

give one benefit and cost of internal fertilization

A

benefit - great control in choosing a mate, cost - increased risk of parasitism

8
Q

what would be one reason to not choose external fertilization

A

little choice over mate, more gametes may be required, low success rates

9
Q

describe characteristics of an r strategist

A

many offspring produced, unstable environment, little parental care, smaller organisms, higher death rates

10
Q

if an organism have little offspring but had extensive parental care what would you class them as

A

k strategists

11
Q

what is a monogamous organism

A

an organism who shares gametes with only one other organism

12
Q

what leads to sexual dimorphism

A

sexual selection

13
Q

what sex of the species is often inconspicuous

A

femalesb

14
Q

what is sexual dimorphism

A

stark differences in characteristics between two sexes of the same species

15
Q

give an example of a species that displays reverse sexual dimorphism

A

artic wading birds

16
Q

what are sneaker males

A

use cunning methods to sneak in and mate with females, aren’t the strongest, often disguise themselves to resemble females

17
Q

what are males competiting for in male to male rivalry

A

access and rights to breed with femalesb

18
Q

what is a lek

A

small communal area where males display to females

19
Q

describe lekking

A

males display in a lek and females come to visit and select between the males, normally one or two dominant males that mate with most females

20
Q

what are satellite males

A

alternative strategy to lekking, try to intercept females at the peripheral at the lek and mate with them

21
Q

when does imprinting occur

A

during a critical time period in young animals development

22
Q

what is imprinting

A

an irreversible rapid development process by which the animal fixates its attention and follows the first object it senses

23
Q

what may imprinting influence later in life

A

mate selection

24
Q

what do honest signals and good phenotypic qualities show the females

A

male has good genotype and low parasitic burden

25
Q

what is a fixed action pattern response

A

it’s triggered when there is a specific stimulus, varies very little between members of the same species, instinctive. example : male sticklebacks/imprinting

26
Q

what is polygamy

A

when one individual mates with several others in the same mating season

27
Q

give an example of a species that leks

A

black grouse