Set 37 GI path, resp, COPDs Pg 50,51 Flashcards

1
Q

Achalasia:

A

no sphincter control, basic

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2
Q

Plummer Vinson:

A

AKA Paterson-Kelly, Irish plummer, mucosal membrane across lumen, “webs in your pipes”

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3
Q

Esophageal varices:

A

portal hypertension

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4
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux “disease”:

A

incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter, reflux gastric contents, Barrett’s esophagus

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5
Q

Esophageal diverticula:

A

AKA Zenker’s, outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa posteriorly, fills with food, possible regurgitation when bending or lying down

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6
Q

Mallory-Weiss:

A

laceration of distal esophagus and proximal stomach during vomiting, retching, or hiccups, hemorrhage- alcoholic

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7
Q

What are the two types of ulcers?

A

duodenal and gastric

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8
Q

Dudodenal ulcers:

A

most common, located at the beginning of small intestine, burning or gnawing pain, vomiting

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9
Q

Gastric ulcers:

A

located along the lesser curvature of the stomach, cause by heliobacter pylori and NSAIDS

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10
Q

Stomach cancer:

A

Occurs most frequently at the greater curvature, unexplained weight loss, unrelenting pain

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11
Q

Hepatitis:

A

inflammation of the liver

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12
Q

Cirrhosis:

A

secondary to chronic alcohol abuse, fatty liver

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13
Q

Liver cancer:

A

liver provides a fertile bed for the blood-borne metastases

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14
Q

Unexplained weight loss:

A

cancer, DM, AIDS

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15
Q

Skip lesions:

A

Chron’s

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16
Q

Alcoholics:

A

Mallory-Weis

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17
Q

Ulcerative colitis:

A

malabsorption

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18
Q

Diverticulum:

A

a pouch or sac through a defect

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19
Q

Diverticulosis:

A

presence of diverticula, no inflammation

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20
Q

Diverticulitis:

A

inflammation of diverticular mucosa, severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and change in bowel habits

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21
Q

Ulcerative collitis:

A

mucosal ulcerations, watery stools, episodic, bloody diarrhea, fever

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22
Q

IBS:

A

gas and distension, pencil thin stools, episodic, constipation, and diarrhea

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23
Q

Crohn’s :

A

aka regional enteritis, skip lesions, distal ileum, colon, chornic diarrhea, fever, and anorexia

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24
Q

Hirschsprung’s:

A

AKA congenital megacolon, congential absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s autonomic plexus, colon, could be fatal if not diagnosed in infancy

25
Q

Celiac disease:

A

AKA nontropical sprue, gluten enteropathy, celiac sprue, hereditary, chronic malabsorption causing mucosal damage, gluten wheat intolerance, “steatorrhea”

26
Q

Tropical sprue:

A

mucosal abnormalities in small bowel, multiple nutritional deficiencies, triad: sore tongue, diarrhea, weight loss

27
Q

Whipple’s Disease:

A

small bowel infection, progressive and fatal, lymph obstruction, 30-60 M, anemia, weight loss, skin pigmentation, diarrhea, joint symptoms, severe malabsorption, abdominal pain, cough, pleuritic pain

28
Q

Zollinger-Ellison:

A

aggressive peptic ulcer/tumor, can perforate through lining

29
Q

Gardener’s syndrome:

A

Found in the ascending colon, polyps

30
Q

What is the most common cancer death of men and women?

A

lung cancer

31
Q

What are the types of pneumonia?

A

bacterial, lobar, viral, Klebsiella (Friedlanders), pneumocystis carinii, and pneumococcal

32
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

infection of lungs, alveolar spaces, intersititial tissues, 2 million affected, 40k-70k deaths per year in the US

33
Q

Bacterial pneumonia:

A

most common cause of pneumonia, causes: consolidation, pathogen: streptococcus pneumoniae

34
Q

Lobar pneumonia:

A

most common form of bacterial pneumonia

35
Q

Viral pneumonia:

A

gradual onset, increased lymphocytes

36
Q

Mycoplasmal pneumonia:

A

most common atypical pneumonia, AKA Eaton Agent

37
Q

Klebsiella pneumonia:

A

aka Freidlanders, debilitated patients, alcholics, red currant jelly sputum

38
Q

Pneumocystis carinii:

A

common in patients with AIDS

39
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia:

A

rusty sputum

40
Q

COPDs?

A

increased resistance to airflow during forced expiriation

41
Q

Chronic Bornchitis:

A

blue bloater, chornic cough, sputum blood-streaked, wheezing dyspnea

42
Q

Asthma:

A

Curschmann’s spirals, Charcot’s Laden Crystals, thick sputum, and bronchial spasm

43
Q

Small airway disease:

A

bronchiolitis, tobacco smoke, air pollution

44
Q

Emphysema:

A

pink puffer, enlargement of air spaces, smoking, barrel chest

45
Q

Bronchiectasis:

A

dead lung, irreversible, focal bronchial dilation with infection and necrosis of tissue

46
Q

Lung cancer:

A

clubbing of the nails, small cell and non-small cell

47
Q

non-small cell lung cancer:

A

squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma

48
Q

small cell lung cancer:

A

heavy smokers, less common

49
Q

Hand-schuller Christian syndrome:

A

lung and bone (lytic- typically in school), exopthalmosis and diabetes insipidus

50
Q

Lambert-Eaton:

A

autoimmune secondary to oat cell carcinoma of lung

51
Q

What are the causes of pneumoconiosis?

A

silicosis(silicon, TB, sandblasters), Asbestosis (Asbestosis, may cause mesothelioma), Siderosis (iron dust), Byssinosis (cotton dust), bagassosis (sugar cane dust), Stannosis (tin dust), Berylliosis (beryllium dust)

52
Q

Atelectasis:

A

lung collapse (partial or complete)

53
Q

Pneumothorax:

A

air in pleural cavity, spontaneous in young men

54
Q

Pleurisy:

A

irritation of the pleura

55
Q

Pleural effusion:

A

fluid in the pleural cavity

56
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome:

A

alveolar capillary damage, rapid onset, life threatening, causes: infections, near-drowning, radiation therapy, shock, sepsis, burns, fractires. acute pancreaitis, hemodialysis, bypass, uremia, and diabetic ketoacidosis

57
Q

Pulmonary TB:

A

in AIDs patients, some drug resistant, Ghon complex, then spreads

58
Q

Sacroidosis:

A

noncaseating granulomas in many tissues/organs

59
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome:

A

rapid progressive glomerularnephriti, necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia, basement membrane