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NBCE Part 1 > Set 21 Renal and Respiratory Phys > Flashcards

Set 21 Renal and Respiratory Phys Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of blood flow in the kidney?

A

renal artery, interlobar, arcuate, interlobar, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular caps, venules, interlobar vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein, IVC

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2
Q

Where does urine flow in the kidney?

A

collecting duct, calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra

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3
Q

What is the nephron?

A

function unit of the kidney

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4
Q

How much does the kidney filtrate per day?

A

180L

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5
Q

What is the function of Bowman’s Capsule?

A

filtration

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6
Q

What is the function of the proximal tubule?

A

reabsorption

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7
Q

What are podocytes?

A

cells forming filtration membrane

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8
Q

What is the function of the Loop of Henle?

A

counter current concentration

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9
Q

What are the vasa recta?

A

thin walled vessels, parallel loops of henle

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10
Q

What happens in the distal tubule?

A

aldosterone reabsorbs Na+ and secretes K+

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11
Q

Excreted =

A

filtered - reabsorbed + secreted

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12
Q

How much filtrate is reabsorbed by the end of the proximal tubule?

A

65%

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13
Q

How much filtrate is reabsorbed by the end of the distal tubule?

A

99%

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14
Q

What is the normal glomerular filtration rate?

A

120-125 ml/min

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15
Q

What is normal glomerular filtration rate determined by?

A

hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

What are juxtaglomerular cells?

A

mechanoreceptors for BP

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17
Q

What is the macula densa?

A

chemoreceptors by the juxtaglomerular cells

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18
Q

Where does aldosterone come from?

A

zona glomerulosa as a result of the renin-angiotensin system

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19
Q

What is erythroprotein?

A

made in the kidney, stimulates RBC production

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20
Q

Where is renin made?

A

juxtaglomerular cells

21
Q

Where does Angiotensin I work?

A

in the blood

22
Q

What is A.C.E.?

A

angiotensin converting enzyme

23
Q

Where is A.C.E. made?

A

the lungs

24
Q

What is the function of angiotensin II?

A

constricts blood vessels (^ BP) and stimulates the release of aldosterone (long term ^BP by ^ Na+ reabsorption)

25
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

^pCO2 and \/ pH

26
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

\/pCO2 and ^pH

27
Q

What is v

A

\/ HCO3- and \/pH

28
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

^ HCO3- and \/pH

29
Q

What is a common cause of respiratory acidosis?

A

hypoventilation

30
Q

What is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

A

hyperventilation

31
Q

What is a common cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

diarrhea, ketosis, and renal dysfx

32
Q

What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

A

drugs, vomiting, and diuretics

33
Q

Where is the best ventilation perfusion ratio in the lungs?

A

hilum

34
Q

What part of the lungs has very little ventilation?

A

the apex

35
Q

IRV:

A

3100ml

36
Q

TV:

A

500 ml

37
Q

ERV:

A

1200ml

38
Q

RV:

A

1200ml

39
Q

IC:

A

3600ml

40
Q

FRC:

A

2400ml

41
Q

VC:

A

4800ml

42
Q

TLC:

A

5-6 liters

43
Q

Where is surfactant made?

A

type II alveolar cells

44
Q

What happens when surfactant is missing?

A

hyaline membrane disease

45
Q

what is the function of lipoprotein?

A

keep lungs expanded, decrease surface tension

46
Q

What is the function of the pneumotaxic center?

A

turns of inspiratory center before overexpansion of the lungs

47
Q

What is the Herring-Breuer reflex?

A

stretch receptors prevent over stretch of lungs

48
Q

What is the function of the Apneustic center?

A

prevents turn off of inspiratory center

NBCE Part 1 (40 decks)

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