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Year 1: Body Logistics > Session 9: Repiratory System > Flashcards

Session 9: Repiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the inferior aspect of the lung curved upwards?

A

It lies on the top of the domed diaphragm

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2
Q

Why does the lung appear shiny?

A

Moist pleura

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3
Q

What is it called when the space between the two plural layers fill with air?

A

Pneumothorax

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4
Q

What is it called when the space between the two plural layers fill with blood?

A

Heamothorax

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5
Q

What is it called when the space between the two plural layers fill with pus?

A

Empyema

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6
Q

What is it called when the space between the two plural layers fill with watery exudate?

A

Pleural effusion

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7
Q

When fluid needs to drained from the pleural cavity how is this carried out?

A

Insert a needle into the 7th intercostal space avoiding the the intercostal nerves and vessels which run along the inferior boarder of each rib.

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8
Q

Why does a cancer of the lung cause paralysis of one side of the diaphragm?

A

It can impinge on the left or right phrenic nerve

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9
Q

What is a pancoast tumour?

A

Tumour of the pulmonary Apex

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10
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Horner’s syndrome is a combination of symptoms that arises when a group of nerves known as the sympathetic trunk is damaged.

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11
Q

Name 3 symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome.

A
  1. Miosis (constructed pupil)
  2. Ptosis (droopy upper eyelid)
  3. Anhidrosis (localised decreased sweating)
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12
Q

What is the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

A

Nasal cavity to bronchioles

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13
Q

What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract?

A

Bronchioles to alveoli (where gas exchange takes place)

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14
Q

How many lobes does the right lung consist of?

A

3

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15
Q

How many lobes does the left lung consist of?

A

2

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16
Q

Which portion of the respiratory tract is extrapulmonary?

A

Conducting portion

17
Q

Which portion of the respiratory tract is intra-pulmonary?

A

Respiratory portion

18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the walls of the passageways within the respiratory tract become thinner as their lumens decrease in diameter?

A

TRUE- that gas exchange though!

19
Q

Describe the type of epithelium and cells present from the nasal cavity to the largest bronchioles.

A

Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia and goblet cells

20
Q

Describe the type of epithelium and cells present in terminal bronchioles.

A

Simple columnar epithelium with cillia and Clara(ew)/ cub cells but no goblet cells

21
Q

Describe the type of epithelium and cells present in respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with Clara cells and a few sparely shattered cillia

22
Q

Describe the type of epithelium and cells present in alveoli.

A

Simple squamous (type one and type 2 pheumocytes present)

23
Q

What are olfactory regions?

A

Areas which detect odour

24
Q

Describe olfactory regions.

A
  • Pseudostratified epithelium
  • No mucus secreting goblet cells
  • Cillia non-motile
  • Serous glands (bowmans glands) flush odourants from the epithelial surface
25
Q

Describe the Cartilage of the trachea.

A

Completely encircles the lumen (along with spiral muscle)

26
Q

What happens in CODP? (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A
  • Goblet cell hyperplasia
  • Smaller proportion of cilliated cells
  • Hypertrophy of submucous glands

(I.e. More mucus and fewer cillia to move it)

27
Q

Describe the Cartilage of primary bronchi.

A

Arranged in irregular crescents plates or islands

28
Q

Describe the Cartilage of bronchioles.

A

None there ahahahaha (the surrounding alveoli keep the lumen open)

29
Q

What is the role of Clara cells?

A

Secrete surfactant lipoprotein

30
Q

Why are goblet cells not present in the narrower airways?

A

To prevent individuals from ‘drowning’ in their own mucus

31
Q

Describe alveolar walls.

A
  • Abundant capillaries
  • Basketwork of electric and reticular fibres
  • 90% type 1 pneumocytes
  • 10% type 2 pneumocytes
32
Q

What shape are type 1 pneumocytes?

A

Squamous

33
Q

What percentage of pneumocytes are type 1?

A

90%

34
Q

What percentage of pneumocytes are type 1?

A

10%

35
Q

What shape are type 2 pneumocytes?

A

Cuboidal

36
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Destruction of alveolar wall and permanent enlargement of air spaces causing shortness or breath.

37
Q

What is pneumonia ?

A

Inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria.

Year 1: Body Logistics (15 decks)

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