Session 8: Muscular System Flashcards
What is the sarcolemma?
The outside membrane of a muscle cell.
What is the sarcoplasm?
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
Name the three types of muscle.
- Smooth
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
Describe skeletal muscle.
- striated
- multi nuclei
- peripheral nuclei
- fascicle bundles
Describe cardiac muscle.
- striated
- branched
- 1-2 central nuclei
- intercalated discs
Describe smooth muscle.
- not striated
- fusiform shape
- no T tubules
What are the three layers within skeletal muscle? (Inside out)
- Endomysium
- Perimysium
- Epimysium
What is atrophy?
A loss of muscle mass as destruction of muscle cells is greater than muscle cell replacement.
What is hypertrophy?
A gain of muscle mass as destruction of muscle cells is less than muscle cell replacement. (Often see in body builders)
What diagnostic tool is used with patients with cardiac ischaemia?
Troponin assay
However quantity is not proportional to the degree of damage
What enzyme is released into the blood when cardiac muscle is damaged?
CK- creatine kinase
What can cause an increase in Creatine Kinase?
- vigorous physical activity
- fall (especially in the elderly)
- muscular dystrophy
- acute kidney injury
What type of muscle has a triad in its structure?
Skeletal
What type of muscle has a diad in its structure?
Cardiac Muscle
What is cell hypertrophy?
Increase in cell size.
