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MCAT Psych/Soc > Self Identity > Flashcards

Self Identity Flashcards

1
Q

Self-Concept

A

How someone thinks about/evaluates/perceives themselves

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2
Q

Self-Schema

A

A self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities

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3
Q

Identity

A

The individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong

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4
Q

Existential Self

A

A component of self-concept that is the sense of being separate and unique from others

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5
Q

Categorical self

A

A component of self-concept where we realize that we exist in a world with other people; these entities have characteristcs

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6
Q

Self-Discrepancy Theory of Identity

A

The Humanism Theory of Identity; we maintain three selves: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self.

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7
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

The self-concept has two parts – personal identity and social identity. We categorize ourselves and others, then identify with a group, and compare ourselves to other groups

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8
Q

Personal Identity

A

Part of the Social Identity Theory; the things unique to each person

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9
Q

Social Identity

A

Part of the Social Identity Theory; the things belonging to the groups you belong to (or the summation of the groups you belong to)

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10
Q

Self-Esteem

A

The respect and regard one has for their own self

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11
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

Belief in one’s abilities to succeed in a given situation. Can be strong or weak

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12
Q

Strong Self-Efficacy

A

(RISE), Recover from failure, Interested in activities, Strong commitment, and Enjoy challenging tasks

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13
Q

Weak Self-Efficacy

A

(FALL), Focus on Failure, Avoid challenging tasks, Lose confidence, and Lack ability to take on challenging tasks

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14
Q

Factors of Self-Efficacy

A

Mastery of experience, social modeling, social persuasion, psychological response to stress

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15
Q

Gender Identity

A

A person’s appraisal of themself on a scale of masculinity and femininity

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16
Q

Androgyny

A

The state of being very masculine and very feminine

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17
Q

Undifferentiated

A

The state of being not so masculine and not so feminine

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18
Q

Gender Schema

A

Key components of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and societal means

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19
Q

Ethnic Identity

A

Ethnic group, where members share ancestry, cultural heritage, and language

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20
Q

Nationality

A

Identity based on political borders

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21
Q

Hierarchy of Salience

A

We let the situation dictate which identity holds the most important for us

22
Q

Psychosexual Theory of Identity and Personality Development

A

By Freud; everything is determined at childhood

Oral (0-1), anal (1-2), phallic (3-6), latent (6-puberty), genital (puberty onwards)

23
Q

Fixation

A

Freud’s idea of the libido being fixated on a certain stage.
Oral: becomes dependent and aggressive
Anal: becomes super orderly or super messy
Phallic: sexual dysfunction
Latent: no libido energy at this stage
Genital: healthy, normal heterosexual relationship

24
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

Part of the phallic stage; there is a sexual attraction for the parent of the opposite sex

25
Q

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

A 
Crisis at each stage of development that must be resolved; there is room for growth at all stages
Trust vs Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomy vs Shame (1-2)
Inititative vs Guilt (3-5)
Industry vs Inferiority (6-12)
Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18)
Intimacy vs Isolation (18-40)
Generativity vs Stagnation (40-65)
Integrity vs Despair (65+)
26
Q

Trust vs Mistrust

A

First of Erikson’s stages (0-1 years); virtue is hope; negative outcome is fear and suspicion

27
Q

Autonomy vs Shame

A

Second of Erikson’s stages (1-2 years); virtue is will; negative outcome is shame

28
Q

Initiative vs Guilt

A

Third of Erikson’s stages (3-5 years); virtue is purpose; negative outcome is inadequacy

29
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A

Fourth of Erikson’s stages (6-12 years); virtue is competence; negative outcome is inferiority

30
Q

Identity vs Role Confusion

A

Fifth of Erikson’s stages (12-18 years); virtue is fidelity; negative outcome is rebellion

31
Q

Intimacy vs Isolation

A

Sixth of Erikson’s stages (18-40 years); virtue is love; negative outcome is isolation and sadness

32
Q

Generativity vs Stagnation

A

Seventh of Erikson’s stages (40-65 years); virtue is care; negative outcome is unproductiveness

33
Q

Integrity vs Despair

A

Eighth of Erikson’s stages (65+ years); virtue is wisdom; negative outcome is dissatisfaction

34
Q

Vygotsky Theory of Sociocultural Development

A

Social interactions and internalization of culture play a role in the development of cognition; there are four elementary mental functions (AMPS - attention, memory, perception, sensation) that can develop into higher mental functions (independent learning and thinking)

35
Q

More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)

A

Part of Vygotsky’s theory; a person with a better understanding than the learner regarding the task or material at hand. Communication with the MKO is necessary for the development of higher mental functions

36
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

The range of skills and abilities that are in the process of development into higher mental functions; most sensitive guidance should be given

37
Q

Vygotsky Theory of Language

A

Part of his general theory on Sociocultural Development; language is built off of social interactions, which then influences thoughts and cognition

38
Q

Kholberg’s Moral Development

A

Three Phases of moral development
Preconventional: emphasis on the consequences of moral choice
Conventional: impact on others; understanding and acceptance of social rules
Post-conventional: higher moral reasoning

39
Q

Obedience Stage of Moral Development

A

First stage of Kholberg’s phases; part of preconventional

Reasoning is based on physical consequences of actions

40
Q

Self-interest Stage of Moral Development

A

Second stage of Kholberg’s phases; part of preconventional

Reasoning is based on gaining rewards

41
Q

Conformity Stage of Moral Development

A

Third stage of Kholberg’s phases; part of conventional

Authority is internalized, and individuals seek to gain acceptance and avoid disapproval (“good girl/bad girl”)

42
Q

Law and Order Stage of Moral Development

A

Fourth stage of Kholberg’s phases; part of conventional

Maintaining social order in the highest regard by following the rules

43
Q

Social Contract Stage of Moral Development

A

Fifth stage of Kholberg’s phases; part of post-conventional
Rules and laws exist for the greater good, but there are times where the law works agains the interest of particular poeple

44
Q

Universal Human Ethics Stage of Moral Development

A

Sixth stage of Kholberg’s phases; part of post-conventional
Decisions are made in the context of abstract principles, so people make their own set of principles and guidelines that apply to everyone
Promoting the social welfare

45
Q

Roles

A

Expectations of position and identity that define what we do and who we are

46
Q

Reference Groups

A

A group that one compares/evaluates themselves to

47
Q

Theory of Mind

A

The ability to sense how another’s mind works

48
Q

Looking-glass Self

A

A person’s sense of self develops from interpersonal interactions; reacting to how other people perceive and judge us

49
Q

Social Behaviorism

A

The mind and the self emerge through the process of interactions with others in three stages

  1. Preparatory stage: imitation; towards the end of this stage, there is the use of symbols
  2. Play stage: role-playing, mentally assuming the perspective of others. The individual is more aware of social relationships
  3. Game stage: Understanding the beliefs, attitudes, and actions of the generalized other (society); understanding that a person can hold multiple roles; understanding that other people have perceptions of themself
50
Q

“Me”

A

The social self; how the individual believes that the “generalized other” perceives it; the response to the environment

51
Q

“I”

A

The response to the “Me”; the creative expression of the individual

52
Q

Self Verification

A

The tendency to seek out and agree with information that reaffirms ones self-concept

MCAT Psych/Soc (31 decks)

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