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A-ICT- IB- Tom > security > Flashcards

security Flashcards

security

1
Q

access levels / level of access

A

Settings that determine who can access an item and what they can do with it (read, write, delete). Applies to files, folders and databases among other things.

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2
Q

anti-virus

A

Software to detect and remove viruses and other malware.

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3
Q

asymmetric key encryption

A

Encryption system in which two keys are used: a public key used only to encrypt data, and a private key used only to decrypt it.

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4
Q

authentication

A

Establishing a user’s identity.

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5
Q

backdoor

A

Method of bypassing security in a system, built in by the system designers.

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6
Q

biometric enrolment

A

Process of registering a user for a biometric system by taking an initial sample.

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7
Q

biometric template

A

Measurements taken from a biometric sample.

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8
Q

biometrics

A

Use of fingerprints, retina scans, or other body features as an authentication mechanism.

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9
Q

botnet

A

Group of zombie computers under the control of a criminal.

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10
Q

brute force attack

A

Attempt to break a password by trying all possible combinations of letters, numbers, and symbols.

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11
Q

CAPTCHA

A

Scribble text displayed as an image, which the user must type in to verify that they are a person.

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12
Q

Certificate Authority

A

Organisation that issues digital certificates to individuals and companies.

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13
Q

ciphertext

A

Result of encrypting plaintext.

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14
Q

Computer Misuse Act

A

UK law governing criminal offences committed using a computer.

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15
Q

cracking

A

Gaining illegal access to a computer system

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16
Q

DDoS

A

Denial of service attack committed using dozens of computers, usually zombies on a botnet.

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17
Q

denial of service attack

A

Flooding a computer system with data so that it cannot respond to genuine users.

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18
Q

dictionary attack

A

Attempt to break a password by trying all possible words.

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19
Q

digital signatures

A

Technique used to authenticate remote users, such as online shopping businesses.

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20
Q

Distributed Denial of Service attack

A

Denial of service attack committed using dozens of computers, usually zombies on a botnet.

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21
Q

DNS poisoning

A

Technique used by criminals to alter DNS records and drive users to fake sites, to committing phishing.

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22
Q

DoS

A

Flooding a computer system with data so that it cannot respond to genuine users.

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23
Q

Drive-by download

A

Program which automatically downloads when a user visits a web page, usually without their knowledge or consent.

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24
Q

encryption

A

System of encoding plaintext so that it cannot be understood with access to an encryption key.

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25
Q

encryption key

A

Used to encrypt and decrypt data.

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26
Q

EV SSL

A

Extended Validation SSL. Digital certificate validation technique used on the world wide web.

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27
Q

false negative

A

When a system incorrectly rejects an action instead of accepting it.

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28
Q

false positive

A

When a system incorrectly accepts an action instead of rejecting it.

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29
Q

full disk encryption

A

System that encrypts all data saved to a hard disk automatically and transparently.

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30
Q

hacking

A

Gaining illegal access to a computer system

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31
Q

home directory

A

Directory that contains a users personal files.

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32
Q

https

A

Protocol used to send web pages securely over the Internet.

33
Q

identity theft

A

Stealing personal data in order to impersonate a person.

34
Q

key escrow

A

Idea of having encryption keys stored by a third party company so the government can access them if needed.

35
Q

key logger

A

Software or hardware which records all key strokes on a computer system.

36
Q

key pair

A

A public key and private key that work together in a public encryption system.

37
Q

macro virus

A

Virus that takes advantage of the macro programming languages built into some software.

38
Q

malware

A

Generic name for malicious software

39
Q

Multi-factor authentication

A

Use of several authentication techniques together, such as passwords and security tokens.

40
Q

one time password

A

Password generated by a security token, which expires as soon as it is used.

41
Q

packet sniffer

A

Software or hardware used to collect data travelling over a network.

42
Q

passphrase

A

Word or phrase used to authenticate a user.

43
Q

password

A

Word or phrase used to authenticate a user.

44
Q

pharming

A

Technique used by criminals to alter DNS records and drive users to fake sites, to committing phishing.

45
Q

phishing

A

Use of fake emails and web sites to trick users into revealing sensitive data.

46
Q

physical security

A

Locks, alarms, and other techniques used to securely a building or computer room.

47
Q

plaintext

A

Message before it is encrypted, or after it has been decrypted.

48
Q

private key

A

Key used for decryption in a public key encryption system.

49
Q

public key

A

Key used for encryption in a public key encryption system.

50
Q

public key encryption

A

Encryption system in which two keys are used: a public key used only to encrypt data, and a private key used only to decrypt it.

51
Q

root user

A

User with full control over a computer system.

52
Q

rootkit

A

Type of malware which infiltrates the operating system and attempts to hide itself from view.

53
Q

secret key encryption

A

Encryption system in which a single key is used for both encryption and decryption.

54
Q

Secure Socket Layer

A

System used to encrypt https web traffic.

55
Q

security token

A

Hardware device that must be present during login to authenticate a user.

56
Q

security update

A

Software update to fix a security problem discovered in software.

57
Q

smishing

A

Phishing attacks committed using text messages (SMS).

58
Q

social engineering

A

Tricking a user into revealing their password or other sensitive data.

59
Q

spam

A

Unwanted, bulk email.

60
Q

spam bot

A

Program that scans web pages for email address, in order to send spam.

61
Q

spam filters

A

Program designed to identify and block spam messages while letting genuine messages through.

62
Q

spyware

A

Malware which covertly records a user’s actions, such as their key presses.

63
Q

SSL

A

System used to encrypt https web traffic.

64
Q

symmetric key encryption

A

Encryption system in which a single key is used for both encryption and decryption.

65
Q

system administrator

A

Personal in overall charge of a computer system in an organisation.

66
Q

TLS

A

System used to encrypt https web traffic.

67
Q

Transport Layer Security

A

System used to encrypt https web traffic.

68
Q

trojan horse

A

Malware which pretends to be a genuinely useful program to trick the user into using it.

69
Q

unauthorised access

A

Gaining illegal access to a computer system

70
Q

Virus

A

Computer program which damages files and data spreads when infected programs are copied.

71
Q

virus definition file

A

Used by anti-virus programs to recognise known viruses.

72
Q

vishing

A

Phishing attacks committed using telephone calls or VoIP systems.

73
Q

vulnerability scanner

A

Software to scan a system for potential security problems.

74
Q

web bug

A

Technique used by spammers to detect if an email address is valid or not.

75
Q

WEP

A

Wired Equivalence Protocol. Wireless network encryption system.

76
Q

worm

A

Malicious software which replicates itself and spreads between computer systems and over networks.

77
Q

WPA

A

Wireless Protected Access. Wireless network encryption system.

78
Q

WPA2

A

Wireless Protected Access 2. Wireless network encryption system.

79
Q

zombie

A

Computer which has been compromised by malware and is part of a botnet.

A-ICT- IB- Tom (33 decks)

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