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EXW Board > Seamanship Navigation > Flashcards

Seamanship Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

Inland Rules of the Road apply to what areas

A
  1. Harbors
  2. Rivers and inland waters
  3. Except Great Lakes, portions of Mississippi, Atchafalaya River, Red River of the North
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2
Q

International Rules of the Road apply to

A

Vessels and seaplanes navigating on high seas and inland waterways of foreign countries except where local laws prevail

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3
Q

Bow

A

Front end

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4
Q

Stern

A

Rear

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5
Q

Athwartships

A

Side to side

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6
Q

Fore

A

Line parallel to keel towards bow

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7
Q

Aft

A

Line parallel to keel towards stern

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8
Q

Beam

A

Widest part of ship (amidships)

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9
Q

Draft

A

Vertical distance between keel and waterline

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10
Q

Masthead Light

A
  • White light placed centerline

- 225-degree light arc

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11
Q

Sidelights

A
  • Red (port), green (starboard)

- 112.5-degree light arc

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12
Q

Stern light

A
  • White light placed near stern

- 135-degree light arc

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13
Q

When mast and both sidelights are visible

A

Meeting

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14
Q

Mast and one side light visible

A

Overtaking or crossing

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15
Q

Overtaking

A
  • Vessel approaches from (22.5*) abaft of either beam

- Overtaking vessel must give way to boat being overtaken

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16
Q

Meeting/Head on,

A
  • Masts of each vessel are in line, at night both sidelights visible
  • Alter course to starboard and pass port to port
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17
Q

Crossing

A

Give-way vessel alters course and/or speed to pass astern of other

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18
Q

Machine driven vessels, who has right of way?

A

Machinery-driven vessels stand clear of vessels unless being overtaken

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19
Q

Restricted visibility

A

Visibility restricted due to fog, mist, snow, heavy rain, sandstorm

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20
Q

Vessels constrained by draft

A

Power-driven vessels restricted in ability to deviate from course due to draft and depth/width of water

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21
Q

Vessels restricted in ability to maneuver

A

Vessel which due to the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by the rules of the road and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessels

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22
Q

Examples of vessels restricted in ability to maneuver, vehicles which are:

A
  • Dredging
  • replenishment
  • personnel transfer
  • aircraft launch/recovery
  • mine clearance
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23
Q

Vessel not under command

A

-A vessel, which through exceptional circumstances, is unable to maneuver as required by the rules of the road and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel

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24
Q

Power driven vessel

A

Any vessel propelled by machinery

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25
Q

Short blast

A

About one second in duration

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26
Q

Prolonged blast

A

From four to six seconds in duration

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27
Q

Bell, when is it used

A

Used on vessels 12 meters or more in length for sound signals

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28
Q

Who sets the size for vessels bells and what is the sound rating for them?

A
  • Coast Guard

- 110 dB at 1 meter

29
Q

Gong, when is it used

A

Used on vessels 100 meter or more in length in addition to a bell

30
Q

Who sets the size and intensity of gongs?

A

Coast Guard

31
Q

High Tide

A

maximum height of the water resulting from rising tide

32
Q

Low Tide

A

minimum height of the water resulting from outgoing tide

33
Q

Mean High Water

A

the average height of all high tide water levels measured over a 19 year period

34
Q

Mean Low Water

A

the average height of all low water levels measured over a 19 year period

35
Q

Spring Tide

A

occurs when the sun and moon are in line with the earth (new &full moon) combining their influences causes high tides to be higher and low tides to be lower than average

36
Q

Neap Tide

A

occurs when the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart (first and last quarter moon), gravitational effect of sun counteracts that of the moon causing lower than normal high and low tides

37
Q

Flood Current

A

when the horizontal movement of water is toward shore or up a tidal river

38
Q

Ebb Current

A

when the horizontal movement of water is away from shore or down a tidal river

39
Q

Slack Water

A

the period of time in which there is little to no current is called the minimum before flood or ebb

40
Q

Set

A

direction of current expressed in direction toward which current flows

41
Q

Drift

A

velocity or speed of current

42
Q

Propeller Action

A

water is drawn from all directions forward of and around the blades creating a low pressure area on the forward face and a high pressure area on the after face, forcing it into a stream toward the stern

43
Q

How does Propeller Action affect the boat?

A

boat move ahead as the propeller tries to move into the area of low pressure

44
Q

Screw Current

A

water flow pattern into the arc of rotation is suction screw current

45
Q

How does Screw Current affect the boat?

A

Thrust flow pattern out is discharge screw current which will always be stronger and more concentrated

46
Q

Side Force

A

caused by the rotation of the propeller blade and interaction with the hull drag, discharge current against rudder, and energy transfer to water or hull

47
Q

How does Side Force affect the boat?

A

Right handed screws will move stern starboard when going ahead and port when going backward

48
Q

Cavitation

A

occurs when the propeller draws in an air water mixture vice water only

49
Q

How does cavitation affect the boat?

A

causes loss of effective thrust diminishing propeller efficiency

50
Q

When can cavitation occur?

A
  • backing down
  • rapid acceleration
  • change in direction
51
Q

What can be done to correct cavitation?

A

-Slowing RPMs to allow the air to dissipate

52
Q

Rudder Action

A

Used to steer the vessel in a desired direction

53
Q

What affect does Rudder Action have on the boat?

A

Increases pressure on one side when it is turned thus pushing the stern in one direction and causing the bow to move in the opposite direction

54
Q

How does wind affect small boats?

A

Acts on hull topsides, superstructures, smaller boats and crew causing vessels to make a leeward at a speed proportional to wind velocity and amount of sail area

55
Q

Seas

A

product of wind acting on the surface of the water

56
Q

How do “seas” affect small boats?

A

They affect handling in various ways depending on their height, direction, and the vessels characteristics

57
Q

How do “currents” affect small boats?

A

Acts on vessels underwater hull and will cause drift over ground in direction of flow

58
Q

Variation

A
  • offset from true geographic north to magnetic north

- different for different points on earth, can be found on charts given for locality

59
Q

Deviation

A
  • Effect of the ships magnetic signature on a compasses bearing, which remains constant for each heading
  • Caused by magnetic metallic masses in and on ships, making ships effectively large magnets
  • Annotated every 15 degrees of a complete circle
60
Q

Tools required for determining course on a chart

A
  • chart of area
  • parallel rulers
  • pair of dividers
61
Q

How to determine course on a chart?

A
  • place one side of parallel ruler on desired course line
  • walk them to a compass rose to determine true or magnetic reading
  • apply variation and deviation as required
  • plan most direct route with the fewest course changes
62
Q

On a compass rose, what do the inner and outer rings represent?

A
  • Inner: magnetic reading

- Outer: true reading

63
Q

While making the most direct route, what should be taken into consideration?

A

Check the chart carefully for hidden dangers such as rocks, shoals or submerged objects

64
Q

What actions should be taken if rocks, shoals or submerged objects are noted on the map?

A

-Plan deviations around these objects allowing a wide berth

65
Q

Line of position (LOP)

A
  • Visual range or line determines using an object located in front of you
  • Can indicate direction
  • cannot indicate location
66
Q

Dead Reckoning

A
  • Process to determine the boats approximate position based on speed, time, and course along with its’ last known position
  • Current, wind and other external forces are the three factors Dead Reckoning not take into account.
67
Q

Compass Bearing

A
  • Direction expressed as degrees from a reference point using a magnetic compass
  • You must add/subtract deviation before it can be plotted
68
Q

Relative Bearing

A

-Direction from the boat’s bow at 000 degrees measured clockwise thru 360 degrees

69
Q

Fix

A
  • A known position on earth
  • Obtained by using two or more bearing taken simultaneously and plotted
  • Position is determine by back plotting two lines, where they intersect is where you are

EXW Board (18 decks)

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