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7th Grade > Science Lesson 2: Meiosis > Flashcards

Science Lesson 2: Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The offspring of sexual reproduction have fewer chromosomes than their parents do.

A

False

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2
Q

T/F During sexual reproduction, two cells combine to form a new organism.

A

True

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3
Q

T/F Sex cells are produced by cell division.

A

False

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4
Q

Sex cells have half the normal number of chromosomes.

A

True

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5
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

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6
Q

How many chromosomes are found in the sex cells of humans?

A

23

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7
Q

what does the word part homo mean?

A

same

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8
Q

what does the word part logos mean?

A

word, structure

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9
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

chromosomes that are a pair of chromosomes that look similar and have the same genes

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10
Q

How are sex cells different from body cells?

A

Sex cells have half of the genetic information that body cells have. (so that when genetic information from two parents combine, the offspring have a full set of genetic information)

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11
Q

Do all homologous chromosome pairs have the same versions of the gene they carry?

A

A homologous pair may have different versions of the gene they carry.

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12
Q

What type of chromosomes control the development of sexual characteristics?

A

sex chromosomes

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13
Q

What are cells with a pair of every chromosome called?

A

diploid

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14
Q

What are sex cells also known as?

A

gametes

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15
Q

What are cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes called?

A

haploid

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16
Q

Where are gametes found?

A

in the reproductive organs of plants and animals

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17
Q

What is the name of a gamete that forms in a female reproductive organ?

A

an egg

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18
Q

What is the gamete that forms in a male reproductive organ called?

A

sperm

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19
Q

How are sex cells made?

A

Meiosis

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20
Q

How many chromosomes does a human egg have?

A

23 chromosomes

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21
Q

How many chromosomes does a human sperm have?

A

23 chromosomes

22
Q

The type of cell division that produces haploid sex cells such as eggs and sperm cells?

A

Meiosis

23
Q

What is the result of Meiosis?

A

four haploid cells (each has half the number of chromosomes in the original cell

24
Q

Do homologous chromosomes have the same genes that are exact copies of each other?

A

No

25
Q

What is each half of a duplicated chromosome called?

A

chromatid

26
Q

What are chromatids connected to each other by?

A

centromeres

27
Q

Name the phase: The chromosomes are copied before meiosis begins. The duplicated chromosomes , each made up of two chromatids, pair up.

A

Prophase I

28
Q

Name the phase: The chromosomes separate from their partners, and then move to opposite ends of the cell

A

Anaphase I

29
Q

Name the phase: The chromosomes are not copied again before meiosis II. The nuclear membrane breaks down.

A

Prophase II

30
Q

Name the phase: The chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite sides of the cell.

A

Anaphase II

31
Q

Name the phase: After the nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell.

A

Metaphase I

32
Q

Name the phase: The nuclear membranes re-form, and the cell divides into two cells. The chromatids are still joined.

A

Telophase I and cytokeinesis

33
Q

Name the phase: The chromosomes line up in the middle of each cell

A

Metaphase II

34
Q

Name the phase: The nuclear membranes re-form and the cells divide. Four new haploid cells are formed. Each has half the usual number of chromosomes

A

Telophase II & cytokenesis

35
Q

What happens during meiosis I?

A

pairs of homologous chromosomes and sex chromosomes s;it apart into two new cells. Cells each have one-half of the chromosome pairs and their duplicate chromatids.

36
Q

Describe Meiosis II

A

involves both of the new cells formed during meiosis I, the chromosomes of these cells are not copied before meiosis II begins. Both of the cells divide during meiosis II.

37
Q

What are the only cells to go through meiosis?

A

Sex cells

38
Q

Describe the difference between meiosis and mitosis as related to how many times the chromosomes are copied vs how many times the nucleus is divided

A

Meiosis-chromosomes copied once & nucleus divides twice

Mitosis-Chromosomes copied once, nucleus divides once

39
Q

Number of chromosomes in new cells of meiosis (haploid vs diploid)?

A

haploid

40
Q

Number of chromosomes in new cells of mitosis (haploid vs diploid)?

A

diploid

41
Q

Number of nuclear divisions in Meiosis?

A

2

42
Q

Number of nuclear divisions in Mitosis?

A

1

43
Q

Describe the cells produced by meiosis.

A

one chromosome from each homologous pair and one sex chromosome

44
Q

Describe the cells produced by mitosis

A

contain exactly the same genetic material as the parent, a full set of homologous chromosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes

45
Q

Explain how Down Syndrome happens.

A

During meiosis, the chromatids of chromosome 21 do not separate, so a sex cell gets two copies of chromosome 21 instead of one copy. When this sex cell joins with a normal egg or sperm, the fertilized egg has three copies of chromosome 32 instead of two.

46
Q

List the steps of meiosis I.

A

Prophase I
metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I & Cytokinesis

47
Q

______ chromosomes are found in body cells but not sex cells

A

homologous chromosomes

48
Q

What is the function of meiosis?

A

produce sex cells so that the body can reporduce

49
Q

During _________ chromosomes are copied once and the nucleus divides twice.

A

Meiosis

50
Q

During _________, chromosomes are copied once and the nucleus is divided once.

A

mitosis

7th Grade (14 decks)

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