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Psychology - Research Methods Y1 > Sampling > Flashcards

Flashcards in Sampling Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is opportunity sampling?

A

Taking people who are simply most available

I.e. The ones who are nearest/easiest to obtain

2
Q

What are strengths of opportunity sampling?

A
  • quick and convenient

- most popular sampling method

3
Q

What are the weaknesses of opportunity sampling?

A
  • sample is unrepresentative of target population as it’s drawn from a specific area
  • meaning findings cannot be generalised
4
Q

How would you do opportunity sampling?

A

Ask people nearby

E.g. Ask the students in your class or people nearby in a shopping centre

5
Q

What is random sampling ?

A

Every person in target population has an equal chance of being selected by using a statistical method

6
Q

How would you do random sampling ?

A

By lottery method .

All members of the target population are given a number and placed in a hat

7
Q

What are the strengths of random sampling ?

A
  • free from researcher bias. Researcher had no influence over who is selected
8
Q

What are the weakness of random sampling?

A
  • representation not guaranteed
  • limits ability to generalise
  • time consuming
9
Q

What is volunteer (self-selected) sampling?

A

Participants respond to an advertisement to take part in a study

10
Q

How do you do volunteering sampling ?

A

Advertise

11
Q

What are the strengths of volunteer sampling?

A
  • Participants are willing to do the research

- quick and easy

12
Q

What are the weaknesses of volunteer sampling ?

A
  • generalisation limited due to volunteer bias
  • participants may share certain traits e.g. Keen and curious
  • people CBA to turn up, and they differ from non-volunteers
13
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Participants are selected using a set ‘pattern’ (sampling frame)

14
Q

How do you do systematic sampling?

A

Every nth person is selected from a database of target population

15
Q

What are the strengths of systematic sampling?

A
  • unbiased (little chance of it)

- convenient & simple

16
Q

What are the disadvantages of systematic sampling ?

A
  • sampling error

- complete database of population is required (time and effort)

17
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Participants are selected according to their frequency in the target population

18
Q

How do you do stratified sampling?

A

Subgroups are identified (or she, gender) the relative percentages of the subgroups in the population are reflected in the sample

19
Q

What are the strengths of stratified sampling ?

A
  • reduces selection bias
  • characteristics of the target pop are representative
  • generalisability more likely than other methods
20
Q

What are disadvantages of stratified sampling?

A

Subgroups cannot reflect all ways in which people are different

  • complete representation is not possible
  • each participant must be identified (time and effort)
21
Q

What is selection bias?

A

Researcher may avoid certain people or places due to uncertainty or uncomfortablity

22
Q

What is the target population

A

Refers to the entire group of individuals to which researchers are interested in generalising

I.e. Group of doctors, teachers

23
Q

What is a sample?

A

A group of participants extracted from target population, should be representative