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endo final > salt and water > Flashcards

salt and water Flashcards

1
Q

what mechanisms balance NA

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

atrial natriuretic peptide

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2
Q

NA coupled transport reabsorbs what?

A

glucose,AA, phosphate,HCO3, and H20

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3
Q

where is H20 impermeable?

A

across the ascending loop of henle

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4
Q

what hormones regulate NaCl/H20?

A

ADH (post pit)
renin-angiotension-aldosterone (kidney-adrenals)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (heart)

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5
Q

when is ADH released?

A

when plasma osmolality is increase 1-2%

when plasma volume is decreased 10-15% (low pressure =more important)

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6
Q

what receptor is a powerful vasoconstrictor targeting the arteriolar smooth muscle and is 10x more powerful than norepi or angiotension II?

A

ADH via V1 receptor

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7
Q

what does ADN via v2 receptor cause?

A

insertion of aquaporins-> makes collecting ducts permeable to H2o

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8
Q

where are osmole receptors found?

A

in the circumventricular orgains (organum vasculosum and subfonical orgain) near the 3rd ventricle

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9
Q

what is a potent osmolyte?

A

Nacl

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10
Q

what happens to osmolality and volume during dehydration?

A

osmolality increases = +ADH

volume decrease = +ADH

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11
Q

if a large volume is lost what is sacrificed?

A

osmlality

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12
Q

what had decreased ADH production, decreased kidney response to ADH and large amounts of dilute urine?

A

diabetes insipidis

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13
Q

what has an INCREASE in ADH even tho plasma osmolality is low, and death can occur due to profound dilution of plasma electrolytes due to excessive reabsorption of free H2o?

A

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

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14
Q

what enzyme is synthesized and secreted by juxtaglomerular cells in the wall of the afferent renal arterioles?

A

renin

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15
Q

renin is released by what 3 inputs?

A
  1. SNS activation = decreased BP
  2. decreased tension on AFFERENT arterioles in glomerulus
  3. decreased pressure in glomerulus-> decreased rate of Nacl to macula densa
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16
Q

what does renin catalyze?

A

formation of angiotensin I(inactive) via angiotensinogen (liver)

17
Q

what is the primary signal for the release of aldosterone?

A

angiotensin II

18
Q

what causes vasoconstriction in the kidney decreasing renal blood flow and glomerular filtration ?

A

angiotensin II

19
Q

what does angiotensin II so in the CNS?

A

stims thirst appetite for NA, and secretion of ADH

20
Q

what is the major regulator of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

A

negative feedback

21
Q

what promotes the excretion of sodium in the urine?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

22
Q

where is ANP synthesized and secreted?

A

from atrial myocytes

23
Q

where so you find CNP?

A

CNS and endothelial cells

24
Q

what do ANP and BNP bind to?

A

natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A)

25
Q

what does NPR-B bind to?

A

CNP

26
Q

what does NPR-c bind to?

A

all 3 ANP- 3minutes BNP- 20 minutes CNP

27
Q

what does ANP do?

A
  1. prevent volume overload

2. lowers BP and volume by acting on CV system, 3.kidneys, adrenals, and CNS

28
Q

actions of ANP HYPOTHALAMUS?

A

decreased ADH secretion, vasomotor activity, NA apetite

inhibits thirst

29
Q

actoins of ANP Pit gland?

A

inhibits release of ACTH

30
Q

actions of ANP adrenal glands?

A

decreased aldosterone secretions

31
Q

actions of ANP sympathetic NS?

A

decrease norepi from SNS

decreased epi from adrenal medulla

32
Q

what happens with a hemorrhage?

A

immediate vasoconstriction by SNS
slower onset of renin-ang-aldo system
inhibits ANP
increased ADH

33
Q

what is the primary way to correct dehydration?

A

ADH because it promotes h20 reabsorption without reabsorbing solute

34
Q

what is promoted during salt loading?

A

excretion of increased NA in urine, 10x greater

endo final (3 decks)

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