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Flashcards in Russia Deck (12)
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1
Q

Size and communication

A

640,000km from west to east and span across 2 continents
Most roads are mud
Transiberian railway from Moscow to Glasnost

2
Q

The Russian people

A

19 different ethnicities

Majority Russian 55 million and many Ukrainian Polish and Jewish

3
Q

Social structure

A
77% population peasants
No middle class and massive economic divide
4
Q

Nobility

A

The 1% owned 25% of the land they lived in St Petersburg or Moscow and have important roles in the government and army

5
Q

Middle-class

A

Small mostly merchant and bankers

6
Q

Peasants

A

Difficult life long hours and poor conditions and wages

7
Q

Urban workers

A

Most workers were young and male and ex-peasants
1897 census showed literacy of workers was 57.8% twice the national average
Women worked in textiles
High number of work-related deaths

8
Q

Government

A

Autocracy
Supreme power for the Tsar
Rigid hierarchy

9
Q

Nicholas the second

A

Wasn’t prepared for the role due to death
Weak
Jew hater
Family man

10
Q

Church

A

Orthodox church developed its own traditions and customs including mysticism and superstition Gregory Rasputin help the Russian Revolution the church supported the divine right of the tsar and was a Conservative organisation

11
Q

Modernisation

A

Needed more military power as Russia was poor

It made it difficult to maintain tsarist autocracy due to growth in the middle classes

12
Q

Witte’s policies & problems

A

Wanted industrialisation to improve communication lies and railways between cities he negotiated foreign investments particularly from finance increase state taxes and taxes on products workers still have poor wages