Rome Flashcards
It is often noted that ___ was kinder to Italy than Greece, enabling the Romans to experience the full bounty of Mediterranean civilization.
geography
The ___ were among the first people to settle on the Italian peninsula and were credited with inventing the ___.
Etruscan, arch
The Romans perfected the arch and used it to build___,___, and___.
bridges, aqueducts, domes
Roman civilization first appeared along the ___River.
Tibre
Roman architecture followed the Roman Empire, and in France they constructed an aqueduct that was ___ feet long and ___ feet high.
883, 160
The Roman Coliseum was built in the __ of the city of Roma between ___and__AD.
center, 70, 80
The Coliseum could seat around ___ people and was used for ___ contests and other public spectacles.
50,000, gladitorial
The Coliseum remains are considered an ___ symbol of Imperial Roma
iconic
The Coliseum was built in a time span of just ___ years. White rock was used for the skeleton with ___ in between.
8, bricks
The Romans were the first to widely use ___ as a building material.
concrete
The gladiatorial shows, ___, were often sponsored by individuals in order to garner public support for an individual or family.
munera
Another popular type of show was the ___, and animal hunt featuring exotic animals that had been capture elsewhere.
venatio
Trajan celebrated his victory over the Dacians with ___ contests involving ___ animals and ___ gladiators over a period of ___ days.
107, 11k, 10k, 123
Trajan ordered construction of Trajan’s ___, which is decorated with reliefs illustrating the Dacian War.
column
At Place Vendome in Paris, ___ ordered construction of a column to commemorate the French victory at the Battle of Austerlitz.
Napolean
It has been estimated that ___ people and a ___ animals died in the “games” at the Coliseum.
500k, million
The Latin word for the sand on the floor: ___.
arena
The games would begin in the morning following a parade (___) of all participants.
pompa
During the lunch break it was common to throw naked and unarmed ___ to the animals, and they would inevitably end up in pieces. The afternoons featured the main event: the ___ contests.
criminals, gladitorial
The protagonists were often prisoners of ___ or ___, but some gladiators were free men seeking wealth and ___.
war, slaves, fame
Entrance into the games was ___, but you had to have a ticket — as many as ___ were jammed in for some events.
free, 70k
Politicians paid for the games to win the support of the masses, while intellectuals opposed the games as cruel events which would lead the populace toward spiritual ___.
decadence
When ___ converted to ___, a Christian cross was placed next to the Emperor’s seat.
Constantine, Christianity
During ___ times the Coliseum was abandoned and many of the stones were used to build other buildings.
medieval
Arches were built to commemorate the achievements of rulers such as ___, whose arch was built just outside the coliseum.
Constantine
In 70 AD the Romans crushed a ___ revolt in Palestine and an arch was built to depict Romans carrying away Jewish treasure.
Jewish
In Paris, the Arc of ___ was constructed to commemorate French military victories
Triumph
Pantheon is a Greek term that means ___.
every god.
The original Pantheon in Rome was built by Marcus ___.
Agrippa
The Pantheon was rebuilt in the 2nd century AD and was probably completed in its present form while ___ was in power.
Hadrian
The Greeks used the word ___ to refer the their notion that the universe was orderly and that it could be examined and understood with the use of ___.
cosmos, reason
In Roman times the architectural expression of the notion of the cosmos was the ___; a circle has no beginning and no end — symbolic of perfection.
dome
The front of the Pantheon features eight ___ , and each is a single piece of marble.
columns
When the “barbarians” sacked Rome in ___AD, they decided not to destroy the Pantheon.
40
The dome of the Pantheon is made of concrete, and even though this building is almost 2,000 years old it is still the largest ___ concrete dome in the world.
unreinforced
The dome of the Pantheon is ___ to the top and ___ feet across.
142,142
We normally observe that architecture defines the ___, but with the Pantheon, the space defines the ___.
space, architecture
In 609 AD, the Byzantine Emperor gave the Pantheon to Pope ___ and the Pantheon was transformed into a Christian Church.
Boniface IV
During the 16th century, the artist ___ was buried within the Pantheon.
Raphael
In the 18th century Thomas Jefferson observed Roman ruins in southern France, and he studied the ___ architecture of a 16th century Italian named ___.
neo-classical, Palladio
The founders of America wanted to link their Novus Ordo Seclorum (___) to the greatest of the ancient civilizations,; one way to do this was to emulate the architecture of the Greeks and the Romans.
New Order for the ages
The Romans conquered all of Italy, then the western Mediterranean ___, and then the areas in the East that had been part of ___the Great’s empire.
Basin, Alexander
The Romans incorporated Greek ___, literature, philosophy, and ___.
art, religion
When civil ware ended in 31 BCE, the emperor ___ restored peace and expanded power as far as the ___ River, creating what came to be known as the Roman ___.
Augustus, Euphrates, Empire
At it’s largest, the Roman Empire stretched from England to ___ and from Portugal to ___.
Egypt, Persia
As Greeks colonized Italy, they transmitted much of their culture to people who lived farther north, such as the ___ who built the first cities.
Etruscans
The ___, who later established a ___ ruled by a Senate.
Romans, republic
The Etruscans adopted the Greek ___ and had a rich cultural life that became the foundation of civilization in much of ___.
alphabet, Italy
As the Etruscans moved southward they encountered a small collection of villages subsequently called ___.
Rome
Ancestors of the Romans began to settle on hills east of the ___River around 1000 BCE.
Tibre
