Roman Expansion in the Mediterranean - New Lands & Ideas

Question 1

Early and Middle Republic

Answer 1

Regions in Italy:
Etruria
Latium
Campania
Gauls
Carthaginians in Sicily, Corsica, etc.

Question 2

Imperium

Answer 2

Power to command

Question 3

Provincia

Answer 3

Territory governed as admit unit of a country

When Rome added a territory, they made everyone Roman citizens and made it a Roman state - ager Romanus
-Easier to control people and they became obligated to help in the army

Question 4

Military Ethos Characteristics

Answer 4

Gloria, Nobulias, virtus, auctoritas

Question 5

Support of the gods in victory

Answer 5

Triumph routes, temples, vows for victories

Question 6

Determination

Answer 6

Wanted to exploit areas

-Greatest expansion in the 2nd C BC with conquer of Mesopotamia

Question 7

Latium

Answer 7

Shared languages, society, values, traditions, etc.

Question 8

Latin League

Answer 8

Created for protection against enemies under leadership of Alba Longa

-Shared military power

Question 9

Confederation

Answer 9

Roman states conquered get full citizenship

Alliances helped repel attacks from people like Alpennines

Question 10

Latin War 340-338 BC

Answer 10

• Renewal of Latin League treaty in 358 triggered the Latin War
• Increase of Rome’s arrogance

Question 11

Gallic Fear

Answer 11

Ex. Sabines

Gallic Sack of 390 BC scared the romans

-Built Servian wall around rome in 4th C BC, repelled Hannibal

Question 12

Tarentum, South Italy

Answer 12

281 BC city of Tarentum fell out with Rome and faced attack

Pyrrhus was encouraged to help the Tarentines by the oracle of Delphi

• He borrowed a lot of elephants, army, etc. and won but at a huge extent
• a.k.a. Pyrrhic Victory

Question 13

1st Punic War

Answer 13

Most important power in the West is Carthage

• Rome wanted to exploit their resources (Corn)
• Showing Rome was an empire without limits

Question 14

Hannibal Wars

Answer 14

Carthaginian General (Hanniclar’s son is Hannibal)

218 BC Hannibal captured Saguntum to expand Carthage, but Rome wanted it

• They fought, but Hannibal surprised them in Italy and he won several victories
• Rome wouldn’t give up, 205 BC they won at the Battle of Zama

Rome controlled Spain = Rome’s finest hour

Question 15

Macedonian Wars (1 & 2 & 3)

Answer 15

War with King Philip V of Macedon

Philip allied with Greece, Rome got frustrated and lack of success

Peace of Phoenice

2nd war: 200 BC, Romans gained rights to Philips empire

3rd war: marked growth of Roman impatience, King Attalus II of Pergamum declared support for Rome

Question 16

Impact of Greece on Rome

Answer 16

Generals like Hellenistic Kings
Route of Triumph
Refined rich culture
Rome became centre of Mediterranean

Marcus Cato saw this as corruption of Roman values

Question 17

Spoils of the empire

Answer 17

Rome developed a system to exploit empires

• Taxation
• Corrupt courts
• No compensation for foreigners