ROM/Axises Lower Extremity

Question 1

What is the position of the ankle axis relate to the knee in the transverse plane

Answer 1

20-30 degrees externally rotated from the knee axis

Question 2

Mechanical axis of the ankle

Answer 2

midline between apex of the medial malleoli and lateral malleoli

Question 3

Normal dorsiflexion ROM of the ankle

Answer 3

20-30 degrees

Question 4

Normal plantarflexion ROM of the ankle

Answer 4

20-50 degrees

Question 5

Ankle ROM required for normal gait

Answer 5

10 degrees dorsiflexion20 degrees of plantarflexion

Question 6

Subtalar Joint postion

Answer 6

Anteriosuperomedially41-45 degrees with respect to the horizontal16 degrees with respect to the sagittal plane

Question 7

Subtalar joint ROM

Answer 7

20 degrees calcaneal inversion with full supination5 degrees calcaneal eversion

Question 8

Subtalar ROM required for Normal Gait

Answer 8

4-6 degrees of calcaneal inversion and eversion

Question 9

Hip Joint axis approximation

Answer 9

Joint is Multiaxial, therefore only one point of rotation is relevantExternally approximated at eh level of the greater trochanter

Question 10

Hip Joint Passive ROM for Flexion

Answer 10

120 with knee flexed90 with knee extended

Question 11

Hip Joint Passive ROM for exension

Answer 11

30 degrees

Question 12

Hip Joint Passive ROM Abduction

Answer 12

45-50 degrees

Question 13

HIp Joint Passive ROM Adduction

Answer 13

20-30 degrees

Question 14

Hip Joint Passive External Rotation

Answer 14

45 degrees, 90 degrees with HIp Flexed

Question 15

Hip Joint Passive Internal Rotation

Answer 15

35 degrees, 70 degrees with Hip Flexed

Question 16

Hip Joint Normal Flexion ROM required for Gait

Answer 16

37 degrees

Question 17

Hip Joint Normal Extension ROM required for Gait

Answer 17

45 degrees

Question 18

Hip Joint Normal Abduction ROM required for Gait

Answer 18

7 degrees

Question 19

Hip Joint Normal Adduction ROM required for Gait

Answer 19

5 degrees

Question 20

Hip joint Normal External rotation required for Gait

Answer 20

9 degrees

Question 21

Hip joint Normal Internal rotation required for Gait

Answer 21

4 degrees

Question 22

Knee Joint

Answer 22

Changes throughout ROM (polycentric)Radius of curvature of condyles decreases with flexion

Question 23

Knee Axis approximation

Answer 23

Heigh of the adductor tubercleBisecting femoral condyles in the sagittal planeParallel to epicondyles in the frontal plane

Question 24

Knee Flexion ROM

Answer 24

Passive160Active140 with hip flexed120 with hip extended

Question 25

Knee Extension ROM

Answer 25

0 degrees

Question 26

Knee Axial Rotation

Answer 26

0 degrees full extension30 degrees internal rotation with 90 degrees of knee flexion45 degrees of external rotation with 90 degrees knee flexionless with greater knee flexion due to soft tissue restrictions

Question 27

Kyphosis - Normal ROM

Answer 27

20-40 degs