Rhodococcus, Clostridium, Actinomyces, Dermatophilus Flashcards Preview

Micro: Bacteriology/Mycology > Rhodococcus, Clostridium, Actinomyces, Dermatophilus > Flashcards

Flashcards in Rhodococcus, Clostridium, Actinomyces, Dermatophilus Deck (27)
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1
Q

C. novyi causes which disease in livestock?

Which tissue is affected?

A

Venous congestion or “black disease”

Liver and hepatic lymph

2
Q

How are are animals infected by members of the genus Clostridium?

A

By wound infection or ingestion of endospores

3
Q

What does C. difficile cause in companion animals?

A

Disruption of the normal intestinal microflora leading to diarrhea

4
Q

What other measures can be used to control Rhodococcus equi infections?

A

Dust control

Remove foals from contaminated grounds or pasture

5
Q

What disease patterns in large ruminants are caused by members of the genus Actinomyces?

A

Osteomyelitis (“lumpy jaw”

Epidermitis

6
Q

Which speices of Clostridium causes gas gangrene?

What else can it cause in companion animals?

A

C. perfringes

Enterotoxemia

7
Q

What disease patterns in pigs are caused by members of the genus Actinomyces?

A

Mastitis, pnuemonia, abortion, epidermitis

8
Q

How are exotoxins produced by members of the genus Clostridium classified?

A

Histotoxic or neurotoxic exotoxins

9
Q

What disease does Rhodococcus equi normally cause?

A

Foal pneumonia

Adult horses can also be affected

10
Q

What disease pattern does C. botulinum cause?

A

Flaccid paralysis

11
Q

C. chauvoei causes which disease in livestock?

A

myositits

“blackleg”

12
Q

How are Clostridium infections treated and controlled?

A

Antibiotics (penicillin or tetracycline)

Antitoxin (antisera or purified Ig)

Vaccination (cattle and horses)

13
Q

C. haemolyticium causes which disease in livestock?

Which tissue is affected?

A

hemoglobinuria or “red water”

Liver and hepatic lymph

14
Q

What disease patterns in horses are caused by members of the genus Actinomyces?

A

Bursitis (“poll evil” or “fistulous withers”)

Epidermitis

15
Q

What disease patterns in ruminants are caused by members of the genus Dermatophilus?

A

Rain scald, strawberry foot rot, lumpy wool

16
Q

What disease pattern does C. tetani cause?

A

Continuous to transitiory spastic (stiff) paralysis

17
Q

Which species should be annually vaccinated against histotoxic Clostridium?

How many species does the vaccine protect against?

A

Cattle. They should also be vaccinated before giving birth.

Seven

18
Q

Does an animal have to be exposed to either C. tetani or C. botulinum to develop disease?

A

No, they can be exposed to just the exotoxins in the environment

19
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice to treat Rhodococcus equi?

Which class of antibiotics should be avoided?

A

Erythromycin+rifampin

Avoid beta-lactams

20
Q

C. piliforme causes which disease in livestock?

A

“Tyzzer’s” liver necrosis

21
Q

What disease patterns in small ruminants are caused by members of the genus Actinomyces?

A

Epidermitis

22
Q

What general disease patterns are casued by histotoxic members of the genus Clostridium?

A

Enterotoxemia and septicemia

(can include gastritis, hemorrhagic enteritis, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.)

23
Q

How are Actinomyces and Dermatophilus infections treated and controlled?

A

Drain abcesses, topical/systemic iodine

Antibiotics

Provide shelter and grooming

24
Q

Is Rhodococcus equi normally found among a horse’s microbiota?

A

No. It normally lives in soil and horses can become infected when they inhale contaminated dust.

25
Q

Which antibiotics are commonly used to treat Actinomyces and Dermatophilus infections?

What is the first choice?

A

First choice- penicillin or ampicillin

Others- rifampin, macrolides, tetracycline

26
Q

What disease patterns in dogs and cats are caused by members of the genus Actinomyces?

A

Wound infection (associated with grass awns)

Epidermitis

27
Q

How is the morphology of Actinomyces described?

A

Branching, filamentous