Rheumatology: Spondyloarthropathies Flashcards

1
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis affects?

A

males>females, 16-40yo, Caucasians

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2
Q

What are the s/s of ankylosing spondylitis?

A

inflammatory back pain (insidious, prolonged morning stiffness, improvement with exercise, no neuro sequelae), SI joint tenderness, loss of ROM, deformities and reduced chest expansion

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3
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis frequently affects _____, which are areas of cartilaginous union with bone.

A

the enthesis

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4
Q

What labs and radiologic findings will be seen in ankylosing spondylitis?

A

elevated ESR, negative RF, negative ANA; sacroiliitis with bone erosion and sclerosis; radiographic spondylitis; inflammatory hip disease

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5
Q

Reactive arthritis affects?

A

males>females, childhood to age 40-50, Caucasians

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6
Q

What are the s/s of reactive arthritis?

A

infectious diarrhea or urethritis preceding peripheral arthritis (asymmetric, lower extremities); dactylitis; enthesopathy (Achilles tendonitis or plantar fasciitis); eye disease, mucocutaneous lesions, heart problems

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7
Q

What labs and radiologic findings will be seen in reactive arthritis?

A

elevated ESR, negative RF, negative ANA; erosive changes of feet, ankles, and sometimes knees; SI joint and spine abnormalities; erosion and calcification of enthesis insertion

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8
Q

What organisms cause the diarrhea in reactive arthritis?

A

shigella, salmonella, Yersinia, or campylobacter

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9
Q

What organisms cause the urethritis?

A

chlamydia

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10
Q

Name the extra-articular manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis.

A
  1. acute anterior uvetis (25%) 2. osteoporosis (19-62%) 3. micro. colitis (22-69%), Crohn’s-like lesions (7%) 4. pulm. atypical fibrosis (2%) 5. CV disease (10%) 6. cauda equine syndrome 7. amyloidosis
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11
Q

What is another name for complete spinal fusion that 10% of ankylosing spondylitis pts get?

A

bamboo spine

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12
Q

What is the associated allele in ankylosing spondylitis?

A

HLA-B27

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13
Q

What is the clinical hx for reactive arthritis pts?

A

infectious diarrhea or urethritis 2-4 weeks prior to arthritis beginning

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14
Q

What extraarticular finding are assoc. with reactive arthritis?

A

inflammatory eye disease (conjunctivitis/acute anterior uveitis) mucocutaneous lesions (painless oral ulcers, balanitis, keratoderma blennorrhagicum) aortic/heart defects

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15
Q

What are the colitic arthropathies?

A

inflam. peripheral arthritis in pts with IBS following activity of bowel disease OR axial arthritis in SI/spine resembling AS not following activity of bowel disease

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16
Q

What is psoriatic arthritis?

A

psoriasis pts that get peripheral and/or axial arthritis, but skin disease does not correlate to arthritis severity. Mostly upper extremities esp DIPs, PIPs, and MCPs, asymmetric; dactylitis. Resembles reactive arthritis in spine.

17
Q

What is the primary and unique pathologic site in spondyloarthropathies?

A

the enthesis

18
Q

Name 5 theories as to why HLA-B27 can predispose a pt to develop AS.

A
  1. arthritogenic peptide hypothesis (peptides bind to HLA-B27 and are presented to CD8+) 2. molecular mimicry 3. free heavy chain hypothesis (can form homodimers that can activate NK cells directly) 4. unfolded protein hypothesis (propensity to misfold, causing stress response and increased cytokines) 5. inflammation and calcification (aggregan in cartilage is released, causing inf)
19
Q

What is the treatment for the spondyloarthropathies?

A

back exercises and good posture smoking cessation NSAIDs (indomethacin, tolmetin) steroids sulfasalazine/methotrexate anti-TNF agents

20
Q

What is the treatment for reactive arthritis?

A

tetracycline, erythromycin, quinolone (bc of initial infections)