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Endocrine > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

What determines what different tissues get different hormones from cholesterol

A

enzymes

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2
Q

What is the difference between steroid and protein hormone storage

A

Steroid-not stored

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3
Q

What is tyrosine

A

Hormone that gives rise to T3/4 and catecholamines and dopamine

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4
Q

Where do steroid receptors function

A

in the nucleus/in the cell

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5
Q

where are protein hormone receptors

A

on the surface

2nd messenger system

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6
Q

What does TRH do

A

increase TSH increase thyroid

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7
Q

what does CRH do

A

increase ACTH

increase adrenal cortex hormones

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8
Q

What does GnRH do

A

increase FSH/LH

increase ovary/testies hormones

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9
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Produce hormones that travel to the pituitary

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10
Q

What are the two hormones released from neurohypophisis

A

ADH and oxytocin

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11
Q

what makes ADH and oxytocin unique

A

made in one place, secreted in another

conserved among species

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12
Q

What does prolactin do

A

drive milk production from alveolar cells

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13
Q

what does oxytocin do

A

milk let down

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14
Q

What are glycoprotein hormones

A

FSH, LH, TSH

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15
Q

What’s the difference between the a and b subunit in glycoproteins

A

A is common

B is specific

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16
Q

What happens when there is deficiency in GH

A

pituitary dwarfism

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17
Q

Is GH deficiency/excess different depending on when the deficiency/excess occurs

A

yes

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18
Q

What is IGF-1

A

mediator for effects of growth hormone

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19
Q

What are the two major organs responsible for handling stress

A

Adrenal medulla/cortex

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20
Q

Why is epinephrine the major catecholamine

A

there is more of it than norepinephrine

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21
Q

how is thyroid hormone secretion regulated

A

Negative feedback between T3/4 from the thyroid on TRH from hypothalamus and TSH from anterior pituitary

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22
Q

What are major effects of thyroid hormone

A

increase major overall metabolic rate
Growth in young animals
Development and maturation of the CNS

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23
Q

Primary hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid produces less T4

95% fo cases in dogs

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24
Q

Secondary Hypothyroidism

A

abnormality at pituitary level

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25
Q

Tertiary hypothyroidism

A

abnormality at hypothalamus

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26
Q

Cretinisim

A

developmental hypothyroidism

27
Q

Where is hyperthyroidism most common

A

older cats

28
Q

What are treatments of hyperthyroidism

A

Surgical removal
anti-thyroid drugs (methimizole)
Radioiodine

29
Q

What are the two major types of diabetes

A

insulin dependent

insulin independent

30
Q

Which type of diabetes is more common in dogs and how do you treat all dogs with diabetes

A

IDDM

Insulin

31
Q

What disease is one of the few that you see in young dogs

A

hypothyroidism

32
Q

What are some characteristics of diabetes in the cat

A

treatments vary (insulin or drugs)
NIDDM and IDDM
1/3 of cats are NIDDM

33
Q

Is the adrenal cortex and medulla regulated the same way

A

no

34
Q

What is the renal control of the outer zone (zona glomerulosa)

A

Renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system

35
Q

What is the control system of the inner zone of the adrenal gland (zona fasiculata/recticularis)

A

ACTH/Cortisol

36
Q

How are glucocorticoids produced

A

CRH from hypothalamus
ACTH form pituitary
Glucocorticoids from adrenals
Glucocorticoid has negative feed back on CRH and ACTH

37
Q

What animals produce only cortisol

A

Cats, primates, livestock, other mammals

38
Q

What animal uses both cortisol and corticosterone

A

dogs

39
Q

what animals only make corticosterone

A

birds, rats, mice, penguins

40
Q

Characteristics of hyperadrenocorticism

A

Cushing
common in dogs
spontaneous and iatrogenic

41
Q

What causes spontaneous cushings

A

excessive ACTH production (PDH)

most common cause

42
Q

How do you diagnose Cushing

A

Clinical symptoms
Elevated cortisol
ACTH challenge
low dose DEX test

43
Q

What happens if you give a high dose of DEX

A

PDH suppressed

Tumor not suppressed

44
Q

What are levels of ACTH with primary and secondary Cushings

A

Primary=high

secondary=low

45
Q

What does PTH do

A

increase serum Ca levels

46
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

High PTH

High Ca

47
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

high PTH

deceased CA levels

48
Q

Hypervitaminosis D

A

Suppressed PTH

High Ca

49
Q

Hypercalcemia of malignancy

A

same as hypervitaminoisis D

50
Q

What do Wolffian ducts develop into

A

Male repro

51
Q

What does Mullerian Duct develop into

A

female repro

52
Q

What does GnRH stimulate

A

LH FSH

53
Q

What do GnRH, FSH, and LH have in common with release

A

pulsatile

54
Q

What does LH do

A

stimulates leyding cells

55
Q

What do thecal cells and granulosa cells work together to produce

A

Estridiol

56
Q

what are animals that are induced ovulators

A

cats rabbits

57
Q

What are steroid hormones derived from

A

cholesterol

58
Q

What could happen when iatrogenic hyperchorticoid treatment is abruptly stopped

A

Iatrogenic hypochorticoid

59
Q

Where is somatistatin and what is it

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

Hypothalamus

60
Q

What does LH act on in the female

A

Theca cells

61
Q

What is produced in adrenal medula

A

Epinephrine

62
Q

What are the 2 main questions of endocrine

A

What happens if you take a hormone away

What happens if you add extra of a hormone

63
Q

How many steroids are made in Hypothalmus

A

none

64
Q

What does a steroid have to bind to in the nucleus

A

steroid receptor

Endocrine (18 decks)

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