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1st Year Anatomy > Respiratory System - Wet Room St. 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory System - Wet Room St. 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A
  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
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2
Q

What is the larynx?

A
  • Set of cartilages, membranes and ligaments
  • Produce sound from exhaled air causing them to vibrate
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3
Q

What nerve innervates the larynx?

A
  • Vagus
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4
Q
A
  1. Hyoid bone
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Vestibular ligament
  4. Vocal ligament
  5. Thyroid cartilage
  6. Cricoid cartilage
  7. Trachea
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5
Q

Which cartilage in the larynx forms the adams apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

Which structure in the larynx prevents solids and liquids from entering the lungs?

A

Epiglottis

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7
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A
  • Trachea
  • Main bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi
  • Lungs
  • Pleurae
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8
Q

Where is the LRT almost entirely located?

A

Thorax

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9
Q

Where does the LRT get nervous innervation?

A
  • Sympathetic fibres in the upper thorax
  • Pulmonary plexuses located at the termination of the main bronchi
  • Parasympathetic fibres from the vagus
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10
Q

Arterial supply of the LRT?

A
  • Bronchial arteries arising from the thoracic aorta
  • Intercostal arteries
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11
Q

What drains the blood from the LRT?

A
  • Bronchial veins
  • Azygous venous system
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12
Q

What vertebral level does the trachea start?

A

C6

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13
Q

When does the trachea end?

A

When it bifurcates at T4

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14
Q

How many cartilaginous rings comprise the trachea?

A

15-20

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15
Q

What is the muscle completing the tracheal rings posteriorly?

A

Trachealis

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16
Q

What is the final cartilaginous ring at the bifurcation called?

A

Carina

17
Q

What organ lies directly posterior to the trachea?

A
  • Oesophagus
18
Q

What arteries lie immediately lateral to the trachea?

A
  • Common carotids
19
Q

What nerve lies immediately lateral to the trachea?

A

Vagus

20
Q

Which main bronchi is shorter, wider and more vertical?

A

Right

21
Q

What does the more vertical nature of the right main bronchus mean?

A
  • Inhaled objects are more likely to get stuck here
22
Q

What two major arteries arch over the left main bronchus?

A
  • Left pulmonary artery
  • Aorta
23
Q

What is the name of the superior branch of the right main bronchus?

A

Eparterial or superior lobar bronchus

24
Q

How do the bronchi transition throughout the lung from main bronchi to alveoli?

A
  • Main bronchi

> Secondary

> Tertiary

> Terminal

> Respiratory

> Alveoli

25
Q

What physical changes occur to the airway as the advance from bronchi to alveoli?

A
  • Loss of cartilage
  • Gain of elastic content
  • Smooth muscle
26
Q

What lymph nodes lie between the main bronchi?

A
  • Tracheobronchial
27
Q

What lymph is drained by the tracheobronchial lymph nodes?

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
28
Q

What lymph nodes lie at the hilum of the lung?

A
  • Bronchomediastinal lymph nodes

1st Year Anatomy (15 decks)

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