Respiratory System - Dry Room St. 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 muscle layers, from superficial to deep, lie in an intercostal space?

A

Superficial = External intercostal

Intermediate = Internal intercostal

Deep = Innermost intercostal

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2
Q

What is the orientation of the external intercostal muscle fibre?

A

Inferior medial

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3
Q

What is the orientation of the internal intercostal muscle fibre?

A
  • Inferior posterior
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4
Q

What is the orientation of the innermost intercostal muscle fibre?

A

Inferior

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5
Q

Between which two intercostal muscles in the neurovascular bundle located?

A

Innermost and internal

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6
Q

In which area of the rib is the neurovascular bundle located?

A

Costal groove

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7
Q

Why do the external and internal intercostal muscles not occupy the whole intercostal space?

A
  • They become tendinous and develop into a thin aponeurosis called the intercostal membrane
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8
Q

What is shown here by B?

A

Transversus Thoracis

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9
Q

What is shown here by the stars?

A

Subcostalis

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10
Q

Where is normal placement of a chest drain?

A
  • 5th intercostal space mid axillary line directly above inferior rib to avoid neurovascular bundle
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11
Q

List the tissue layers of the chest wall the needle will go through

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia
  • Deep fascia
  • External intercostal
  • Internal
  • Innermost intercostal
  • Parietal pleura into the pleural cavity
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12
Q

What do dermatomes correspond with on the chest wall?

A

Intercostal spaces

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13
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin innervated by a single sensory nerve

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14
Q

At the sternal angle dermatome C4 lies immediately above T2 instead of C5, why is this?

A

Dermatomes C5-T1 are the upper limbs

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15
Q

What is the dermatome of the sternal angle?

A

T2

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16
Q

Dermatome of nipple area

A

T4

17
Q

Dermatome of umbillicus?

A

T10

18
Q

Dermatome of inguinal region?

A

L1

19
Q

Which rami of the typical spinal nerve supplies the dermatomes of the anteriolateral chest wall?

A

Ventral

20
Q

Which rami of the typical spinal nerve supplies the dermatomes of the posterior chest wall?

A

Dorsal

21
Q

What is shingles?

A

Herpes infection of a nerve and it’s axon

22
Q

How does shingles manifest related to dermatomes?

A

Manifests as a rash on the skin in the dermatome position of the nerve it’s infected

23
Q

What is lymph?

A

Essentially plasma that has leaked from capillary beds due to hydrostatic pressure

24
Q

What tissues don’t have lymphatic drainage?

A
  • Cartilage
  • Eyes
  • Inner ear
  • Brain and spinal cord
25
Q

What are the locations of major groups of lymph nodes?

A
  • Root of upper limb (axillary)
  • Root of lower limb (superficial and deep inguinal)
  • Around the pectoralis major muscle (pectoral)
  • Bifurcation of trachea in thorax (tracheobronchial)
  • Around root of arteries in abdomen and pelvis (lumbar/pelvic)
  • Superficial and deep groups in head and neck (superficial and deep cervical)
26
Q

Where do lymph nodes tend to cluster?

A

Around large veins

27
Q

Where is the base (glandular) area of the breast located?

A

Between ribs 2 - 6 and between the lateral border of the sternum and mid axillary line

28
Q

How many lobes are contained in the glandular part of the breast?

A

16 - 20

29
Q

What surrounds the lobes of the glandular part of the breast?

A

Adipose tissue

30
Q
A