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Flashcards in Respiratory System Deck (23)
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1
Q

In the respiratory system what are the conducting passages and what are the respiratory passages?

A

Conducting Passages-

  1. )Nose nasal cavities
  2. )Pharynx
  3. )Larynx
  4. )Trachea
  5. )Bronchi w/i Lungs
  6. ) Bronchioles w/i Lungs

Respiratory Passages

  1. )Respiratory Bronchioles
  2. ) alveolar ducts, sacs
  3. ) Alveoli
2
Q

What is the function of the nose/nasal cavity?

A
  1. ) Cleanse
  2. ) Warm
  3. ) Humidify air
  4. ) Olfaction
3
Q

What/how is the mucus Membrane made? What does it do?

A

Nasal Mucosa

  1. ) Epithelium- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells. The goblet cells are mucus secreting cells shaped like goblets due to apical region filled with mucus. This helps to keep the air moist.
  2. ) Lamina Propria- Loose CT with mucus glands and well-developed vascular bed. Vascular bed keeps things warm and mucus glands help secret Mucosa
4
Q

What are the three tonsils of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Pharyngeal Tonsil-posterior roof of pharynx

Palantine Tonsil- near the uvula in the back of your throat. Often removed and coratid artery is behind it

Lingual Tonsil-superior to the epiglottis, posterior of tongue

5
Q

What are the 3 types of Pharynx and what are they associated with?

A

Nasopharynx-nasal
Oropharynx-oral cavity
Laryngopharynx-Laryngeal cavity

They lack anterior walls, opens to nose, mouth, and larynx anteriorly.

6
Q

In the Larynx explain how your vocal cords work relatively?

A

Each (true) vocal cord is attached to its respected arytenoid cartilage. The arytenoids cartilage pivots on the cricoid cartilage and its movement changes the position of the vocal cords, to open and close the glottis (space b/n the vocal cords). Tension of the vocal cords is accomplishes by flexion or hinging of the thyroid cartilage (anteriorly) relative to the Cricoid Cartilage (posteriorly).

7
Q

What is the Epiglottis?

A

The epiglottis is cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx as food travels from the oropharynx through the laryngopharynx and into the esophagus.

8
Q

What is the trachea?

A

a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. About 1.5-2inchs wide

9
Q

Describe the Primary Bronchi?

A
  1. ) right Bronchus is shorter, b/c the trachea is slightly to the right of the aorta
  2. ) right bronchus is wider, right lung is larger, b/c the heart is on the left
  3. ) right bronchus has more direct path (more vertical) food is more likely to enter
10
Q

which lung has more lobes? name the fissures applicable

A

the right lung has more lobes

right fissures-(lower) oblique fissure, (upper) is the horizontal fissure

left- just the oblique fissure

11
Q

break down the primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi

A
  1. ) Primary Bronchi
    - trachea bifurctaes 2, right and left, one/ lung
  2. ) Secondary Bronchi
    - one/lobe of the lung, 3 on the right, 2 on the left
  3. )Tertiary Bronchi
    - one/bronchiopulmonary segments, 10 on the right and 8 on the left
12
Q

what is the difference between extrapulmonary bronchi and intrapulmonary bronchi?

A

Extrapulmonary bronchi- have the same structure as the trachea

Intrapulmonary bronchi- cartilage in spirals and plaques, layer of smooth muscle internal to cartilage

13
Q

Layers of bronchial wall? what happens as bronchi decrease size?

A

Bronchial Layers

  1. )Mucosa-same
  2. )Layer of smooth muscle
  3. )Submucosa-CT
  4. )Cartilage in plaques
  5. ) elastic fibers in submucosa

Airway gets progressively smaller as decrease size of bronchi> 1.) increase in smooth muscle 2.) Decrease in cartilage

When the cartilage is gone it becomes a bronchiole.

14
Q

Bronchioles

A

No cartilage, Complete ring of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, epithelium=simple columnar>simple cuboidal (no goblet cells), smallest= terminal bronchioles

15
Q

Respiratory Passages

A

Respiratory Bronchioles- Alveoli along wall

Alveolar Ducts- Alveoli increase in density until solid wall of alveoli

Alveolar Sac- blind end of passages totally lined with alveoli

16
Q

Alveolus

A

alveolus-
300 million alveoli, 70 to 80 square meters of surface area, thin walled sacs (1 micron), back to back with capillary network

17
Q

Alveolar Wall Cells

A
  1. ) type 1 pulmonary epithelial cells, simple squamous epithelial
  2. ) type 2 pulmonary cell= great alveolar cells= septal cells, produce Surfactant which decreases surface tension to ease work of distending lungs
  3. ) Dust cells collect free floating particulate matter, wandering macrophages w/i lumen, do not help to form the wall
18
Q

Diffusion Barrier

A

The diffusion barrier is .5microns. composed of

  1. ) pulmonary cell
  2. ) Basement membrane
  3. ) endothelial cell
19
Q

Mediastinum

A

the space in the thorax b/n the two lungs which houses the heart veins arteries esophagus trachea

20
Q

Walls of the lungs

A

Parietal pleura is external,

pleural cavity is medial, visceral pleura is internal

21
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphram?

A

Phrenic Nerve (C 3,4,5) from the cervical plexus

22
Q

what happens during expiration?

A
  • ribs depress as external intercostal muscles relax

- diaphragm moves superiorly as it relaxes

23
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A
  • ribs elevated as external intercostal muscles contract

- diaphragm moves inferiorly during contraction