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YR1 S1 Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs to the diaphragm in inspiration?

A

It contracts to expand the lungs

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2
Q

What occurs to the diaphragm in expiration?

A

It relaxes to decrease the volume of the lungs

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3
Q

What is the total volume of the lungs?

A

6 litres

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4
Q

What are the components of total lung volume?

A
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • Tidal Volume (TV)
  • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • Residual Volume (RV)
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5
Q

What are the components of vital capacity?

A

-Everything but Residual Volume

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6
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath

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7
Q

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

A

Amount of air in excess of tidal inspiration that can be inhaled with maximum effort

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8
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

Amount of air in excess of tidal expiration that can be exhaled with maximum effort

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9
Q

What is residual volume (RV) and what is its purpose?

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration; keeps alveoli inflated between breaths and mixes with fresh air on next inspiration

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10
Q

What is Vital Capacity (VC) and what is it used to assess??

A

Amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration; used to assess thoracic muscle strength and pulmonary function

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11
Q

What is Inspiratory Capacity (IC)?

A

Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration (TV + IRV)

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12
Q

What is functional residual capacity (FRC)?

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration (RV + ERV)

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13
Q

What is the typical value for Tidal volume (TV) at rest?

A

500ml

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14
Q

What is the typical value for Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) at rest?

A

3000ml

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15
Q

What is the typical value for Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) at rest?

A

1200ml

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16
Q

What is the typical value for Residual Volume (RV) at rest?

A

1200ml

17
Q

What is the typical value for Vital Capacity (VC) at rest?

A

4700ml

18
Q

What is the typical value for Inspiratory Capacity (IC) at rest?

A

3500ml

19
Q

What is the typical value for Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) at rest?

A

2400ml

20
Q

What is the typical value for total lung capacity at rest?

A

5900ml

21
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  • Provides Oxygen
  • Removes CO2
  • Regulates pH
  • Forms speech
  • Defends against microbes
  • Traps and dissolves blood clots
22
Q

What is the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

A

Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Terminal Bronchioles

23
Q

What is the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts and Alveolar sacs

24
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

At a constant temperature, as volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa

25
Q

How does a contraction of the diaphragm by 1cm change pressure and thus volume?

A

Decreases pressure by 3mmHG, increasing volume by 500ml

26
Q

Explain the exchange surface of your lungs?

A
  • Surfactant
  • Epithelium
  • Basement Alveolar Membrane
  • Interstitial Space
  • Basement Capillary Membrane
  • Endothelium
27
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

Each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure.

28
Q

What is the pressure of specific gas in a mixture called?

A

The partial pressure

29
Q

What is the pressure of air?

A

760mmHG

30
Q

What is henry’s law?

A

The quantity of a gas that will be dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient

31
Q

Oxygen is relatively insoluble in water, so how is it carried in the blood?

A

-98% of it is transported by Haemoglobin found in erythrocytes

32
Q

What is the Bohr Effect?

A

Haemoglobin affinity for oxygen is inversely related to the concentration of CO2/acidity. Less CO2 means higher partial pressure of oxygen, so higher affinity for oxygen, and vice versa

33
Q

What part of the brain is respiration regulated by at rest?

A

Brainstem (Pons and Medulla Oblongata)

34
Q

What are the different centres of the Pons in the brainstem that regulate respiration?

A

Pneumotaxic and Apneustic Centres

35
Q

What are the two kinds of chemoreceptors involved in regulating respiration and where are they located?

A

Peripheral - in carotid bodies and aorta. Responds to changes in partial pressure of O2 and CO2
Central - located on medulla. Respond to changes in pH of spinal fluid

YR1 S1 Physiology (18 decks)

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