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Year 11 - Human Biology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the respiratory system

A
  • Exchange of gases between atmosphere, blood and cells
  • Take O2 from air and put it into blood
  • Remove CO2 from blood
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2
Q

Function of the Nasal cavity

A
  • Filters, warms and moistens air before it enters the lungs
  • Hair and mucus trap dust
  • A reasoning chamber for speech sounds
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3
Q

Function of the Pharynx

A
  • Air from nasal cavity passes through here
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4
Q

Function of the Larynx

A
  • Air passes through the larynx, going to and from the lungs
  • Contains vocal cords which vibrate to make sound
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5
Q

Function of the trachea

A
  • Carries air to and from the lungs

- Contains cilia that beat to move mucus and trapped particles upward

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6
Q

Function of the bronchi

A
  • Two primary bronchi branch from the trachea

- They then divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi

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7
Q

Function of the bronchioles

A
  • Very fine tubes with walls of smooth muscle

- The finest of them end in groups of air sacks called alveoli

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8
Q

Function of the alveoli

A
  • Tiny air sacks that make up most of the lung
  • They occur in clusters and have very thin walls that are well supplied with blood capillaries for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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9
Q

Function of the lungs

A
  • Occupy all the chest cavity, except space taken up by the heart
  • Covered in a pleural membrane, also lines inside of chest
  • pleural fluid holds the lungs against the chest
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10
Q

Function of intercostal muscles

A
  • Move the rib cage upwards and outwards to increase the volume of the chest cavity, and lungs, during breathing in
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11
Q

Function of the diaphragm

A
  • Separates chest from abdomen

- Contracts and flattens downwards, thereby increasing the volume of chest cavity and lungs during breathing

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12
Q

Inspiration

A

Breathing in

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13
Q

Expiration

A

Breathing out

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14
Q

Explain how the membranes with the thoracic cavity allow for inspiration and expiration to occur

A
  • membranes within thoracic cavity are separated in a pleural fluid.
  • Fluid holds lungs against inside of chest wall and allows the lungs to slide along the wall when breathing
  • when chest wall expands outwards lungs move with it . Allows lungs to expand and contract with the chest wall movements
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15
Q

Features of the alveoli

A
  • Moist surface
  • Capillary network
  • thin walls
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16
Q

How do the features of the alveoli help in their function?

A

Moist surface - makes it easier for diffusion of gases
Capillary network - Maximise surface area, allows more gases to be exchanged
Thin walls - Faster gas exchange

17
Q

What muscles expand and contract the ribcage?

A

Intercostal muscle

18
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and thorax as we inhale?

A
  • The diaphragm contracts downwards

- Thorax increases in volume and decreases in pressure, sucking in air into the lungs

19
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and thorax as we exhale?

A
  • Diaphragm relaxes upward

- Thorax decreases in volume and increases in pressure, forcing air out of the lungs

20
Q

Tiny sack in the lungs

A

Alveoli

21
Q

The sheet of muscle between the thorax and abdomen

A

The diaphragm

22
Q

What is the process of swapping oxygen and carbon dioxide called?

A

Gas exchange

23
Q

Name the process which allows gas exchange across the thin walls of the alveoli

A

Diffusion

24
Q

How much of oxygen is in inhaled air and exhaled air

A

% inhaled air - 21%

% exhaled air - 17%

25
Q

How much of carbon dioxide is in inhaled air and exhaled air

A

% inhaled air - 0.04%

% exhaled air - 4%

26
Q

How much of nitrogen is in inhaled air and exhaled air

A

% inhaled air - 78%

% exhaled air - 6.9%

27
Q

Respiratory disorders

A
  • Asthma
  • Emphysema
  • Tuberculosis
  • Lung Cancer
28
Q

Asthma

A

Muscles of bronchioles constrict drastically reducing ventilation

29
Q

Emphysema

A

destruction of alveoli

30
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Highly contagious bacterial infection

31
Q

General equation for cellular respiration in living cells

A

Oxygen + glucose –> ATP + carbon dioxide + water

Year 11 - Human Biology (20 decks)

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