Respiratory Physiology Review

Question 1

process which the blood & the cells become saturated with blood. Oxygen molecules move from high concentration to low concentration

Answer 1

oxygenation

Question 2

a low oxygen content in the arterial blood

Answer 2

Hypoxemia

Question 3

inadequate amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells

Answer 3

Hypoxia

Question 4

inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells by the blood

Answer 4

Hypoperfusion or Shock

Question 5

early signs of shock in a newborn

Answer 5

bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Ex. a heart rate of 80bpm may be an indication of hypoxia in a week old infant

Question 6

early signs of hypoxia

Answer 6

• Skin becomes pale, cool, and clammy.
• tachypnea (rapid breathing)
• tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
• restlessness or agitation & confusion
• Cyanosis

Question 7

a bluish grey color of lips, mouth, nose, fingernail beds, conjunctiva & oral mucosa.
(late sign of hypoxia)

Answer 7

Cyanosis

Question 8

Upper Airway anatomy in Infants & children:

Answer 8

• larger tongue takes up more space in the pharynx
• trachea is narrower, softer & more flexible
• cricoid cartilage is less rigid & developed
• Epiglottis is U-shaped & protrudes into the pharynx

Question 9

blood with low oxygen, but high in carbon dioxide:

Answer 9

Deoxygenated

Question 10

blood with high oxygen, but low carbon dioxide:

Answer 10

Oxygenated

Question 11

found on the surface of RBC, carries oxygen in the blood, responsible for 97% of blood

Answer 11

hemoglobin

Question 12

A disruption in the mechanical process of pulmonary ventilation may occur from one of the following

Answer 12

• interruption of the nervous system’s control
• damage to the thorax
• increased airway resistance
• disruption of airway patency

Question 13

Lower Airway anatomy in Infants & children:

Answer 13

• chest wall is pliable
• increased reliance on diaphragm
• lungs easily overinflated in artificial ventilation