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Flashcards in Respiratory Examination - Signs Deck (24)
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1
Q

Upon general inspection, what signs might you find to show that a patient is struggling to breathe?

A
  • Accessory muscle usage
  • Tripod position
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Intercostal muscle recession
2
Q

What lung conditions would you give supplementary O2 for?

A
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • COPD
3
Q

What lung conditions would you give inhalers or nebulisers for?

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
4
Q

When would you get sputum pots from a patient - when you suspect which conditions?

A
  • COPD
  • Bronchiectasis
5
Q

At what O2 sats would you usually see peripheral cyanosis in patients?

A
  • <85%
6
Q

What might a resting fine tremor suggest?

A
  • Beta-2 agonist use
7
Q

Give 3 respiratory causes of clubbing

A
  1. Lung cancer
  2. Interstitial lung disease
  3. Bronchiectasis
8
Q

What is the normal amount of time for capillary refill?

A
  • Roughly 2 secs
9
Q

When would you see a CO2 retention flap?

A
  • Type 2 respiratory failure e.g. COPD
10
Q

Why might a patient be cold to touch?

A
  • Peripheral vasoconstriction
  • Poor perfusion
11
Q

What are the signs of Horner’s syndrome?

A
  • Ptosis
  • Miosis
  • Annhidrosis
  • Enopthalmos
  • Red eye
12
Q

What does conjunctival pallor suggest?

A
  • Anaemia
13
Q

What would elevated JVP suggest + positive hepatojugular reflex suggest?

A
  • Pulmonary HTN
  • Fluid overload
14
Q

Tracheal deviation

Give 2 things that trachea deviates away from and 3 things it deviates towards

A

Deviates away from:

  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Pleural effusion

Deviates towards:

  • Lobar collapse
  • Pneumonectomy
  • Consolidation caused by endobronchial obstruction
15
Q

Give 2 common scars you might come across in the respiratory examination and what procedures they might have been caused by

A
  • Mid-axillary scars - chest drains
  • Horizontal postero-lateral scars - thoractomy from e.g. lobectomy / pneumonectomy
16
Q

Give 3 chest deformities you might see in the respiratory exam, and give a cause for one of these

A
  1. Pectus excavatum
  2. Pectus carinatum
  3. Barrel chest - COPD - emphysema
17
Q

Why might you see chest asymmetry in the patient?

A
  • Pneumonectomy
  • Thoracoplasty
18
Q

Causes of reduced lung expansion?

A
  • Lung collapse
  • Pneumonia
19
Q

Lung sounds

When would you hear the following lung sounds:

1) Resonant
2) Hyper-resonant
3) Dull
4) Stony dull

A

1) Normal
2) Pneumothorax

3)

  • Consolidation
  • Fluid
  • Tumour

4)

20
Q

Lung sounds

When would you hear the following sounds on auscultation?

1) Vesicular
2) Bronchial
3) Reduced breath sounds
4) Wheeze
5) Coarse crackles
6) Fine crackles

A

1)

  • Vesicular = normal

2)

  • Bronchial = consolidation

3)

  • Consolidation
  • Collapse
  • Pleural effusion

4)

  • Asthma
  • COPD

5)

  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Fluid overload

6)

  • Pulmonary fibrosis
21
Q

What can you determine from vocal fremitus auscultation?

A
  • Increased volume over an area suggests increased tissue density - consolidation / tumour / lobar collapse
  • Decreased volume over an area - pleural effusion
22
Q

Give 3 causes of lymphadenopathy upon cervical lymph node examination

A
  1. Infection
  2. Malignancy
  3. Sarcoidosis
23
Q

When would you get sacral oedema?

A
  • Fluid overload in cor pulmonale
24
Q

What further examinations would you suggest upon concluding the respiratory examination?

A
  • Obs
  • Peak flow
  • Sputum pot
  • Check inhaler technique
  • CXR
  • ABG