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Flashcards in Respiratory Agents Deck (25)
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1
Q

selective beta-2 receptor agonists action

A

works specifically with beta-2 receptors in the bronchi causing bronchodilation

2
Q

selective beta-2 receptor agonists side effects (2)

A
  • increased blood pressure and heart rate

- decreased GI/renal blood flow

3
Q

Albuterol

A
  • trade: Proventil

- a selective beta-2 receptor agonist; bronchodilator

4
Q

sympathomimetics action

A

mimics effects of the sympathetic nervous system → bronchodilation, increased rate and depth of respiration

5
Q

sympathomimetics side effects (4)

A
  • palpitations, tachycardia, dysthymia, hypertension (caution in cardiac patients)
  • dizziness
  • nervousness
  • tremors
6
Q

nonselective beta-adrenergic agonists action

A
  • relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi

- does not specifically work on either beta-1 or -2; works on both

7
Q

nonselective beta-adrenergic agonists side effects (6)

A
  • nervousness
  • tremors
  • restlessness
  • flushing
  • headache
  • severe cardiac side effects - tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension
8
Q

types of bronchodilators (3)

A
  • selective beta-2 receptor agonists
  • sympathomimetics
  • nonselective beta-adrenergic agonists
9
Q

antihistamines action

A
  • competes with histamine for receptor sites → prevents histamine/inflammatory response
  • reduces nasopharyngeal secretions, itching, sneezing
10
Q

antihistamines use (3)

A
  • treats acute and allergic rhinitis
  • antitussive
  • also: pre-medication prior to blood transfusion; to block allergic reactions
11
Q

antihistamines contraindications

A
  • severe liver disease
  • narrow-angle glaucoma - dilates pupils, makes worse
  • urinary retention
12
Q

first-generation antihistamines side effects (9)

A
  • drowsiness
  • dry mouth
  • dizziness
  • blurred vision
  • wheezing
  • photosensitivity
  • urinary retention
  • constipation, GI distress
  • blood dyscrasias
13
Q

first-generation antihistamines interactions

A
  • alcohol - increases CNS depression

- avoid use of MAOIs

14
Q

Diphenhydramine

A
  • trade: Benadryl

- first-generation antihistamine

15
Q

Loratadine

A
  • trade: Claritin

- second-generation antihistamine

16
Q

second-generation antihistamines

A
  • non-sedating

- fewer anticholinergic symptoms

17
Q

intranasal glucocorticoids action

A

anti-inflammatory effect

18
Q

intranasal glucocorticoids use

A
  • allergic rhinitis

- may be used alone or with antihistamine

19
Q

intranasal glucocorticoids administration

A
  • nasal spray (topical)

- not absorbed into bloodstream - low side effect profile

20
Q

intranasal glucocorticoids side effects

A
  • nasal mucosa dryness (cracks, bloody noses)

- systemic effects are rare

21
Q

antihistamines in the elderly causes:

A

increased risk for side effects + decreased BP and cofusion

22
Q

alpha-1 agonist causes:

A

vasoconstriction, increased contractility of heart, dilation of pupils (mydriasis)

23
Q

alpha-2 agonist causes:

A

reduced norepinephrine: decreased BP, increased blood glucose (inhibits insulin)

24
Q

beta-1 agonist causes:

A

increased heart rate and blood pressure, increased renin

25
Q

beta-2 agonist causes:

A

bronchodilation, increased glucose (increases glucagon/glycogenolysis)