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Flashcards in RESEARCH Deck (42)
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1
Q

what does Regression mean?

A

All Variables examined are continuous( makes assumption of which variable is influencing other)

(think one variable causes the other to regress)

2
Q

what does Linear Regression mean?

A

Degree of dependence between one variable on another

3
Q

when all variables are categorical, looks at if 2 distributions differ from each other

A

Chi-square

4
Q

compares mean values of continuous variable between 2 groups

A

T-test

5
Q

compares mean values of continuous variable between 3+ groups

A

ANOVA

think: A nova comet hits 3 mean(angry) groups

6
Q

this study type looks at a group of different people at one moment in time

A

cross-sectional study

7
Q

this study follows a subset of the population over a lifetime

A

cohort study

lifetime COuples HORT “hurt”

8
Q

group of people that share a commone characteristic (example: people born and exposed to same polutant)

A

cohort

think COuples have somethinig in common

9
Q

cohort that looks back at events that have already taken place

A

retrospective cohort design

10
Q

cohort that follows a group of individuals over a period of time

A

Prospective cohort design

11
Q

type of study in which, data is gathered for the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time

A

longitudinal study

12
Q

type of observational study in which 2 groups differ in outcome and are compared to find causal factor
(Ex. comparing
people with the disease
with those who don’t but are otherwise similar)

A

Case-Control study

13
Q

Highly controlled interventional study

A

Clinical trial

14
Q

people studied randomly given one of treatments under study, used to test efficacy/side effects of medical interventions like drugs. Gold
standard for a clinical trial

A

Randomized controlled trial

15
Q

Type of study that involves the manipulation of variables (independent and dependent)

A

Experimental study

16
Q

is similar to an experimental

design but lacks random assignment.

A

Quasi-Experimental design

17
Q

in this type of study there is no interference or manipulation of variables

A

Observational

18
Q

what dos a correlation coefficient that is below -1 mean?

A

Likely the result of an error

19
Q

what does “regression to the mean” mean?

A

phenomenon in which scores become more average overtime

20
Q

(type of validity) Whether results of the study can be generalized to other situations

A

external validity

21
Q

(type of validity)extent to which a causal conclusion based on a study is warranted

A

internal validity

22
Q

type of external validity which describes how well the sample used can be extrapolated to a population as a whole. “Generalizability”

A

Population validity

23
Q

type of external validity which looks at the testing environment and determines how much it influences behavior

A

Ecological validity

24
Q

measures how
well a test matches up with a
benchmark test, which is usually another valid measure of the same
construct

A

Concurrent Validity

25
Q

tests that constructs that are expected to be related

are, in fact, related

A

Convergent Validity

26
Q

is a third variable in an experiment that could provide an alternative explanation to the relationship between the variables of interest

A

confounding variable

27
Q

variable that is measured but independently manipulated

A

Dependent variable

28
Q

variable that is directly manipulated by researcher

A

Independent variable

29
Q

identify the Independent and dependent variable: “children with parents who smoke are more likely to smoke”

A

Independent: Children w/ smoking parents and Children w/ non-smoking parents

Dependent: Children smoking

30
Q

is the degree to which
an assessment tool produces stable and consistent
results. CONSISTENT RESULTS WITH REPEATED EXPERIMENT

A

reliabilty

31
Q

time related confounding variables

A

Temporal Confounds

32
Q

consistency when two

different people measure the same thing,

A

Inter-rater reliability

33
Q

what are the non-experimental study designs?

A
Phenomenological
Observational
Longitudinal 
Ethnographic
Case study
Archival(biographical) 
Twin 

“POLECAT”

34
Q

what are the 4 things that make a study an experimental design?

A

1) experimental and control group
2) Random sampling
3) Random group assignment
4) Control extraneous variables

35
Q

Non experimental design: observational cultural study

A

Ethnographic

36
Q

Non experimental design: uses historical records to understand events

A

Archival(biographical)

37
Q

Non experimental design: Understand conscious experience from first person perspective

A

Phenominological

38
Q

Non experimental design: long term study, that takes measurements at different time intervals

A

Longitudinal

39
Q

what does a positive (R value) correlation mean?

A

one variable(increases while other increases)

40
Q

what does a negative (R value) correlation mean?

A

one variable increases while other decreases

41
Q

This value tells us the odds of correlation happening by chance

A

P-test

42
Q

what p value tells us that our data is valid and the odds of a correlation happening by chance are really low.

A

less than .05